GROSS ANATOMY

SELF-EVALUATION EXAM – PELVIS

by O.W. Henson, Jr., Ph.D.

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Answer each question True (T) or False (F)

The prostate of the adult

_____ 1.lies between the superior and inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm. (disregard this question)

_____ 2.has a connective tissue sheath continuous with the fascial sheath of the bladder and the rectovesicle septum.

(disregard this question)

_____ 3.is supplied by arteries that usually arise from the inferior vesicle arteries.

_____ 4.is closely associated with a plexus of sympathetic nerves that pass to the penis and

are at least partially responsible for bringing about erection.

In the adult, the cervix of the uterus

_____ 5.is situated between the rectum and urinary bladder.

_____ 6.projects into the upper end of the vaginal canal where its labia and ostium can be palpated.

_____ 7.receives its arterial supply chiefly by way of the uterine arteries.

_____ 8.receives sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory nerve fibers chiefly from the uterovaginal plexus, a subdivision of the pelvic plexus.

The broad ligament of the uterus

_____ 9. has a portion called the mesosalpinx which contains the epoophoron and paroophoron and anastomotic branches of the uterine and ovarian vessels. (disregard this question)

_____ 10. encloses the round ligament of the uterus.
_____ 11. encloses the ovarian ligament.
_____ l2. has the uterine artery between its two layers.

The labia majora

_____ 13. may contain a persistent processus vaginalis.

_____ 14. has an arterial supply derived from the external and the internal pudendal

arteries.

_____ 15. is drained by lymphatic vessels which follow the same course as those draining the testes of the male.

_____ l6. would be expected to be completely anesthetized by a pudendal nerve block.

The round ligament of the uterus

_____ 17. lies within the mesovarium portion of the broad ligament.

_____ 18. is accompanied by lymphatic vessels which provide a possible pathway for the spread of uterine cancer to the labium majus of the same side.

_____ 19. enters the inguinal canal.

_____ 20. is continuous with the suspensory ligament of the ovary.

The uterus has a

_____ 2l. cervix with an external ostium which normally faces the posterior wall of the vagina.

_____ 22. body with a posterior surface which is usually in contact with the rectum.

_____ 23. surface which usually lies against the superior surface of the urinary bladder.

_____ 24. portion called the fundus which lies above the point where the uterine tubes join the body.

The uterine tubes

_____ 25. are the usual sites of fertilization.

_____ 26. receive their arterial blood from the uterine and ovarian arteries.

_____ 27. provide a direct pathway of communication between peritoneal cavity and the cavity of the uterus.

_____ 28. join the uterus near the junction of the cervix and the body of the uterus.

The right greater vestibular gland, when infected and swollen, might be expected to (disregard these 4 questions)

_____ 29. discharge pus into the vestibule of the urethra.

_____ 30. produce a swelling on the right side of the vaginal orifice near the posterior part of the bulb of the vestibule.

_____ 31. discharge pus through the ostium of a single duct located in the groove between the labium minus and the hymen or its remnants.

_____ 32. produce intense pain since the gland is contained in the fascial compartment between the superior and inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.

The urogenital diaphragm in the male

_____ 33. is superior to the bulb of the penis.

_____ 34. contains the bulbourethral glands.

_____ 35. is immediately inferior to the anterior portion of the pelvic diaphragm.

_____ 36. contains striated muscle fibers which surrounded the membranous portion of the urethra.

The urogenital diaphragm in the female

_____ 37. contains structures innervated by the pudendal nerves.

_____ 38. contains the bulbourethral glands.

_____ 39. is penetrated by the urethra.

_____ 40. contains the deep transverse perineus muscles.

The spinal cord

_____ 4l. ends inferiorly at about the level of the second lumbar vertebra.

_____ 42. is surrounded on all sides by cerebrospinal fluid.

_____ 43. is situated in a dural sac that ends inferiorly at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra.

_____ 44. has pia mater applied to its surface.

The femoral ring

_____ 45. is normally closed by a part of the transversalis fascia called the femoral septum.

_____ 46. transmits both an artery and a vein.
_____ 47. is the entrance into the femoral canal.
_____ 48. transmits the femoral nerve.

The inguinal triangle

_____ 49. is bordered inferiorly by the inguinal ligament, medially by the lateral border of the rectus abdominis, and laterally by the lateral edge of the conjoined tendon (falx inguinalis)

_____ 50. is the site of direct inguinal hernias.

_____ 51. is crossed by the inferior epigastric vessels.

_____ 52. is deep to the superficial inguinal ring.

The spine of the ischium

_____ 53. provides an area of attachment for the sacrospinous ligament.

_____ 54. is an important landmark for the pudendal nerve.

_____ 55. forms the lower bony margin of the greater sciatic foramen.

_____ 56. lies in close proximity to the tendon of the obturator internus muscle.

The empty urinary bladder in the male

_____ 57. is covered by peritoneum on its superior, posterior, lateral, and anterior surfaces.

_____ 58. is attached to the anterior abdominal wall by the middle umbilical ligament, a remnant of the urachus (allantoic stalk) of the embryo.

_____ 59. has at its base a smooth triangular inner surface, the trigone of the bladder, whose corners are the openings of the two ureters and the opening of the urethra.

_____ 60. is separated from the anterior wall of the rectum by the rectovesical septum.

In its course from the renal pelvis to the bladder the ureter in the female

_____ 61. lies outside the peritoneal cavity.

_____ 62. lies on the anterior surface of the psoas muscle.

_____ 63. crosses posterior to the ovarian artery and vein and anterior to the common iliac artery and vein.

_____ 64. passes inferior and posterior to the uterine artery.

The rectum

_____ 65. has venous connections which offer sites of potential collateral circulation between the portal and the systemic venous systems.

_____ 66. has no mesentery.

_____ 67. receives all of its arterial supply from the inferior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries.

_____ 68. receives all of its autonomic nerve supply via the pelvic plexuses.

The venous drainage of the rectum and anal canal usually includes a

_____ 69. pair of veins and their tributaries that join to form a superior rectal vein, a tributary of the inferior mesenteric vein.

_____ 70. pair of veins, each of which drains into an internal iliac vein.

_____ 71. pair of veins, each of which drains into an internal pudendal vein situated external to the pelvic diaphragm.

_____ 72. large vein on the posterior surface that drains into the right or left sacral vein.

The pelvic plexus contains autonomic nerve fibers (for distribution to pelvic viscera) that reach it from the

_____ 73. aortic plexus by way of the superior hypogastric nerves.

_____ 74. pelvic splanchnic nerves.

_____ 75. white rami communicantes from the sacral sympathetic trunk.

_____ 76. pudendal nerve.

The sympathetic nerves distributed to the pelvis

_____ 77. have their preganglionic cell bodies in the thoracolumbar portion of the spinal cord.

_____ 78. course within the white rami communicantes of S2, 3 and 4.

_____ 79. primarily reach the pelvis via the sacral sympathetic trunks.

_____ 80. would cease to function after cutting all of the fibers of the cauda equina at the level of the third lumbar vertebra.

The nerves to the external genitalia of the female include

_____ 8l. posterior labial nerves derived from the perineal nerves that are in turn branches of the pudendal nerves.

_____ 82. anterior labial nerves, branches of the ilioinguinal nerves.

_____ 83. dorsal nerves of the clitoris derived from the pudendal nerves.

_____ 84. perineal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerves.

The genitofemoral nerve

_____ 85. is usually derived from the first two lumbar spinal nerves.

_____ 86. can usually be found piercing or lying on the psoas muscle.

_____ 87. contains no motor fibers but does supply cutaneous innervation over parts of the thigh below the inguinal ligament and over parts of the scrotum.

____ 88. sends its genital branch to join the spermatic cord at the superficial inguinal ring.

SELF-EVALUATION EXAM - BACK AND PELVIS

KEY

The following numbered statements are FALSE (F) :

1. 46.
4. 48

15 49

l6. 51.
17. 57.
20. 68.
22. 72
28 75.
29. . 76.
32. 78
38. 79
43. 80.
45. 87
88