1.I kiddingly said that the first lecture in this section of the course was my "miscellaneous molds" lecture. I told you about the D/P Myxomycota, Oomycota, and introduced the Zygomycota. Why is "miscellaneous molds" a reasonable title for the lecture?

2.The D/P Myxomycota, in the past, was placed in the Kingdom Fungi. What justification did mycologists have for this taxonomic placement? The Myxomycota is now placed in the Kingdom Protista. Why was this done?

3.Like the Myxomycota, the D/P Oomycota used to be placed in the Kingdom Fungi. Why was this considered a reasonable placement? The Oomycota is now placed in the Kingdom Protista. What are some of the arguments for this taxonomic placement?

4.Which of the three types of life cycles do the myxomycetes (members of the Myxomycota) have? What about Saprolegnia (D/P Oomycota)? What about the organisms within the Kingdom Fungi?

5.Compare the "feeding stage" of the organisms in the following groups: D/P Myxomycota, Oomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota in terms of appearance (macroscopically and microscopically), relative chromosome number, and food supply.

6.Sporangia are produced in the D/P Myxomycota, Oomycota, and Zygomycota. How are these the same? How are they different?

7.For the Oomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota, the name of the Division/Phylum is derived from the name of the sexual reproductive structures. Explain why this is the case.

8.Compare the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota in terms of the cell which produces spores in sexual reproduction, the appearance of at least two of the macroscopic sexual reproductive structures in which the spore producing cells are formed, and the relative chromosome number of the hyphae which comprise the macroscopic sexual reproductive structures.

9.Fertilization is part of sexual reproduction, and there are two stages to this process: plasmogamy and karyogamy. Describe where plasmogamy and karyogamy occur in the D/P Myxomycota, Oomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota.

10.In what type of environment would you find the following organisms: a plasmodial slime mold, Saprolegnia, Rhizopus, Tuber, Morchella,Aspergillus, a shelf fungus, a stinkhorn.

11.What are at least two examples of how the following groups have an impact on the lives of people: D/P Oomycota, Zygomycota, deuteromycetes, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota?

12.Two organisms we studied in this section of the course are referred to my common names: lichen and deuteromycetes. Why are these groups not place into a Division or Phylum?

13.Why is it thought that many of the deutermycetes are probably ascomycetes or closely related to the ascomycetes? If this is the case, why are these fungi not placed in the D/P Ascomycota?

14.The photobionts of lichens actually grow more rapidly if they are removed from the lichen and grown in culture. And, in a sense, the mycobiont parasitizes the photobiont. Explain why the relationship between the mycobiont and photobiont might be considered parasitism instead of mutualism. Why do biologists call relationship of the mycobiont and photobiont mutualism?

15.In what ways are lichens of ecological significance? How to people use fungi?

16.Most of the organisms we studied carry out asexual reproduction. Explain what structures are involved in this process in the D/P Oomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, deuteromycetes, and lichens.

17.The fungi (Kingdom Fungi) are exhibit isogamy. Explain why this is the case. What type of gamete morphology do members of the D/P Myxomycota and Oomycota have?

18.The D/P Chlorophyta is thought to be the ancestors of the land plants. Why is this the case?

19.The ancestral land plants faced many problems in making theirtransition to a land environment. What problems did they face and how did the bryophytes solve the problems?

20.What type of life cycle do land plants have? In the bryophytes, which portion of the life cycle is dominant?

21.Compare the gametophytes of Riccia and Marchantia. How are they the same? How are they different?

22.Compare the sporophytes of Riccia and Marchantia.

23.Where does meiosis occur in these two liverworts? Where does fertilization occur?

24.Describe the structures and the processes that are involved in asexual reproduction in Marchantia.

25.Compare the gametophytes of liverworts with the gametophytes of mosses.

26.Compare the sporophytes of liverworts with the sporophytes of mosses.

27.How does the habitat in which Sphagnum is found compare with that typically found in mosses? What unusual characteristic do Sphagnum leaves have?

28.Compare spore dispersal in Riccia with that of Marchantia, common mosses, and Sphagnum. What structures are involved in spore dispersal.

29.Why is Sphagnum located on a pseudopodium?

30.Do bryophytes have any impact on the lives of people? If so, how?