Jennifer Bovolick

Math Text-Set Grade 2

 

Math Curse.  1995.  Written by Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith.  New York:  Penguin Books.  Math picture book.

            When the teacher tells her class that they can think of almost everything as a math problem, one student acquires a math anxiety, which becomes a real curse.  This is a fun picture book for kids that could be used at any level.  It makes you realize that math really is a part of your every day life.

Grade 2 CA Standard(s):

            Number Sense and Operations

2.0    Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.

5.0    Solve problems involving coins and bills using dollar and cent symbols and decimal notations.

Locator Guide:

ISBN# 0-670-86194-4

 

Money Doesn’t Grow on Trees.  2003.  Written by Vanessa Terry.  An interactive resource on the Internet.

In this Web Quest the students will be planning a birthday party with a given budget of $200.00. They will use resources on the web as well as community resources, such as a grocery store and a phone book, to plan their party. Students will be provided with a Party Planning Guide to help to keep their information organized. There will be opportunities for students to discuss with peers their findings and questions/concerns.  Appropriate for grades 5 – 6.

Grade 2 CA Standard(s):

            Number Sense and Operations

3.0    Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.

5.0  Solve problems involving coins and bills using dollar and cent symbols and decimal notations.

Locator Guide:

http://vterry.com/

 

1st Grade Brain Quest.  2000.  Questions and answers by Chris Welles Feder. 

Cover illustrations by Kimble Mead.  New York:  workman Publishing Company.  Question and answer cards. 

            Brain quests are a great way to quiz students on math facts and can also be used to play math games between students or teams.  This particular set is appropriate for 1st grade, but is available for purchase at any level.

Grade 2 CA Standard(s):

Number Sense and Operations

1.0  Students understand the relationship between numbers, quantities, and place value in whole numbers up to 1, 000. 

2.0 Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.

Locator Guide:

www.brainquest.com

 

Searching for Solutions.  2003.  Written by Judy Campf.  An interactive resource on the Internet.

This web-based unit will introduce students to strategies and real-life practice activities for applying problem-solving skills.  Students will investigate real problems through a variety of websites and group activities.  They will become familiar with eight strategies and will practice using these strategies to use the Internet to obtain information, analyze data, make decisions, and apply problem-solving skills to find solutions to real-life situations.  Appropriate for grade 3 – 6. 

Grade 2 CA Standard(s):

            Number Sense and Operations

2.0   Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.

5.0  Solve problems involving coins and bills using dollar and cent symbols and decimal notations.

Locator Guide:

 http://gouchercenter.edu/jcampf/searching_for_solutions.htm

 

Scooby-Doo!  2003.  Written by Sarah Reed, Brian Stodghill, and Sarah Bennett.  An interact resource on the Internet.

            Solve math problems and use the answers and the web to solve a mystery.   This is a great resource to use with students because it is very appealing to the eye and children love cartoons.  Appropriate for ages K – 2.

Grade 2 CA Standard(s):

            Number Sense and Operations

2.0   Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.

5.0  Solve problems involving coins and bills using dollar and cent symbols and decimal notations.

Locator Guide:

http://www.bsu.edu/web/dsporter/Projects/Student_WebQuests/Scooby-Doo/

 

The Grapes of Math.  2001.  Written by Greg Tang.  Illustrated by Harry Briggs.  Math picture book.

This innovative and delightful book challenges children ­and parents ­to open their minds and solve problems in new and unexpected ways. By looking for patterns, symmetries, and familiar number combinations displayed within eye-catching pictures, math will become easier and quicker.  Appropriate for students in grades 5 – 6.

Grade 2 CA Standard(s):

            Number Sense and Operations

2.0   Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.

5.0   Solve problems involving coins and bills using dollar and cent symbols and decimal notations.

Locator Guide:

ISBN# 0-439-21033-X

 

 

 

How Big Is A Foot?.  1991.  Written by Rolf Myller and Susan  McCrath.  New York: 

Random House.  Math story.

This story is an excellent source to use with children who are beginning to learn about measurement. It enables them to see that there is a need for a standard unit of measure in the world.  Appropriate for grades 4 – 6. 

Grade 2 CA Standard(s):

            Number Sense and Operations

1.0  Students understand the relationship between numbers, quantities, and place value in whole numbers up to 1, 000. 

2.0  Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.

Locator Guide:

ISBN# 0-440-40495-9

 

 

5th Grade Brain Quest.  2000.  Questions and answers by Chris Welles Feder. 

Cover illustrations by Kimble Mead.  New York:  workman Publishing Company.  Question and answer cards. 

            Brain quests are a great way to quiz students on math facts and can also be used to play math games between students or teams.  This particular set is appropriate for 5th grade, but is available for purchase at any level.

Grade 2 CA Standard(s):

Number Sense and Operations

1.0  Students understand the relationship between numbers, quantities, and place value in whole numbers up to 1, 000. 

2.0 Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.

Locator Guide:

www.brainquest.com

 

Mathematics – Exploring Your World.  1991.  Written by Silver Burdett Ginn.

Various math page resources to reinforce concepts. 

            This is a workbook with a variety of resources that can be used to teach or reinforce concepts with students.  Appropriate for students in grades 1-2.

Grade 2 CA Standard(s):

Number Sense and Operations

1.0  Students understand the relationship between numbers, quantities, and place value in whole numbers up to 1, 000. 

2.0  Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.

Locator Guide:

ISBN#0-382-28201-9

 

One Hundred Angry Ants.  1999.  Written by Elinor J Pinczes.  Illustrated by Bonnie MacKain.  New York:  Houghton Mifflin.  Picture book.

            One hundred very hungry ants hurry to sample the delights of a picnic, but marching in single file seems too slow for 100 empty tummies. The smallest ant of all suggests they travel in 2 rows of 50, four rows of 25 . . . and the division begins. One Hundred Hungry Ants is not only a spirited and whimsical story, but also serves as an enjoyable visual introduction to math.  Appropriate for students in grades 1- 4. 

Grade 2 CA Standard(s):

Number Sense and Operations

1.0  Students understand the relationship between numbers, quantities, and place value in whole numbers up to 1, 000. 

2.0  Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.

Locator Guide: ISBN# 0-395-97123-3

 

 

Misty Lampshire

 

Number Sense and operations

 

Math-terpieces – The Art of Problem-Solving.  Author: Greg Tang.  2003.  Published by Scholastic Inc.  New York, NY.  ISBN 0-439-56393-X.  Can be found in Scholastic book orders.

            This is a great book that integrates art into the math program.  The author has taken famous paintings or works of art and used pieces of the illustrations displayed in such a way that number sentences and fact families can be created and found.  This selection could be used in 2nd grade and would appeal to a child with a very visual learning style.

Second Grade Curriculum Standards: Number Sense 2.0 Students estimate, calculate, and solve problems involving addition and subtraction of two- and three-digit numbers:  2.1 Understand and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction.

 

Critters.  AIMS Education Foundation. 1989. Fresno. California.  Call Number – 500 .Ai5cr 1989 Gr. K-6.  Can be found at the CSUS Library.  Page 49.

            This book has a great worksheet called “Math Worms.”  Students fill in each segment of the worm with a math problem that equals the number in the worm’s tail.  Great for 2nd grade.

Second Grade Curriculum Standards: Number Sense 2.0 Students estimate, calculate, and solve problems involving addition and subtraction of two- and three-digit numbers:  2.1 Understand and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction.  2.2  Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.

 

Disney’s MathQuest With Aladdin Learning Series software (CD ROM)Ages 6-9; Grades K-3rd Published by Disney Interactive, 500 S. Buena Vista St., Burbank, CA 91521. Can be found at Best Buy stores. 

            This CD provides opportunities for children to build their math skills in addition, subtraction, and problem solving.  There are multiple levels and children can learn at their own pace.  The content meets National Standards for Mathematics. 2nd Grade.

Second Grade Curriculum Standards: Number Sense 2.0 Students estimate, calculate, and solve problems involving addition and subtraction of two- and three-digit numbers:  2.1 Understand and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction.  2.2  Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.  2.3  Use mental arithmetic to find the sum or difference of two two-digit numbers.  Algebra and Functions 1.0  Students model, represent, and interpret number relationships to create and solve problems involving addition and subtraction:  1.1 Use the commutative and associative rules to simplify mental calculations and to check results.  1.2 Relate problem situations to number sentences involving addition and subtraction. 1.3 Solve addition and subtraction problems by using data from simple charts, picture graphs, and number sentences.

 

Jump Start Adventures 4th grade CD ROM Knowledge Adventure ages 8-10.  Can be found at Best Buy or on line at www.KnowledgeAdventure.com

This is a computer program that enhances all content areas but specifically helps build addition and subtraction skills through fun interactive games.  4th grade.

Second Grade Curriculum Standards: Number Sense 2.0 Students estimate, calculate, and solve problems involving addition and subtraction of two- and three-digit numbers:  2.1 Understand and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction.  2.2  Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.  2.3  Use mental arithmetic to find the sum or difference of two two-digit numbers.  Algebra and Functions 1.0  Students model, represent, and interpret number relationships to create and solve problems involving addition and subtraction:  1.1 Use the commutative and associative rules to simplify mental calculations and to check results.  1.2 Relate problem situations to number sentences involving addition and subtraction. 1.3 Solve addition and subtraction problems by using data from simple charts, picture graphs, and number sentences.

 

Cooperative Problem Solving with Number Tiles by Creative Publications.  1989 ISBN: 0-88488-749-9  Can be found in the CSUS Library – Call Number – 372.7 .C86co7  1989 Gr. 3-6.

            This text has wonderful cooperative strategies to get students working together for the sake of math and learning how to add and subtract.  It has a number of worksheets that can help the students work together for a common goal.  It also has teaching suggestions for using cooperative learning in the classroom.  Fourth grade level.

Second Grade Curriculum Standards: Number Sense 2.0 Students estimate, calculate, and solve problems involving addition and subtraction of two- and three-digit numbers:  2.1 Understand and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction.  2.2  Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.

 

I Spy Ultimate Challenger! A Book of Picture Riddles.  Photographs by Walter Wick, Riddles by Jean Marzollo.  Scholastic Inc.  New York. 2003.  Can be found at any book store.

            I Spy is a book full of photographs of lots of different treasures.  Students can easily make number sentences for addition and subtraction by counting the number of specific items and adding them or subtracting them from another number of specific items.  4th grade level.

Second Grade Curriculum Standards: Number Sense 2.0 Students estimate, calculate, and solve problems involving addition and subtraction of two- and three-digit numbers:  2.1 Understand and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction.  2.2  Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.

 

Hex-a-link Cubes An AIMS resource (manipulatives) can be found at www.aimsedu.org  or 1-888-733-2467

This is a set of 500 Hex-a-link cubes, which provides a good amount for each student in a standard-sized class to work with independently or in small groups.  These cubes helps students solve addition and subtraction problems through visualization and kinesthetic learning styles.  4th grade.

Second Grade Curriculum Standards: Number Sense 2.0 Students estimate, calculate, and solve problems involving addition and subtraction of two- and three-digit numbers:  2.1 Understand and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction.  2.2  Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.  2.3  Use mental arithmetic to find the sum or difference of two two-digit numbers.  Algebra and Functions 1.0  Students model, represent, and interpret number relationships to create and solve problems involving addition and subtraction:  1.1 Use the commutative and associative rules to simplify mental calculations and to check results.  1.2 Relate problem situations to number sentences involving addition and subtraction. 1.3 Solve addition and subtraction problems by using data from simple charts, picture graphs, and number sentences.

 

Puzzle Maker http://www.puzzlemaker.com/MathSquareForm.html

At this website, teachers can make math-squares for their students.  The puzzle maker creates the puzzle for you.  Students can practice their addition and subtraction skills by completing the puzzle.  4th grade level but can be created for other levels also.

Second Grade Curriculum Standards: Number Sense 2.0 Students estimate, calculate, and solve problems involving addition and subtraction of two- and three-digit numbers:  2.1 Understand and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction.  2.2  Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.  2.3  Use mental arithmetic to find the sum or difference of two two-digit numbers.  Algebra and Functions 1.0  Students model, represent, and interpret number relationships to create and solve problems involving addition and subtraction:  1.1 Use the commutative and associative rules to simplify mental calculations and to check results.  1.2 Relate problem situations to number sentences involving addition and subtraction. 1.3 Solve addition and subtraction problems by using data from simple charts, picture graphs, and number sentences.

 

Brain Boosting Math Activities Grade 4: Joyful Learning.  Can be found on the Scholastic website at www.scholastic.com

            This book is filled with a variety of activities including the basic skills of addition and subtraction.  Students will be able to reinforce learning these basic concepts with the activities in this book.  4th grade level. 

Second Grade Curriculum Standards: Number Sense 2.0 Students estimate, calculate, and solve problems involving addition and subtraction of two- and three-digit numbers:  2.1 Understand and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction.  2.2  Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.  2.3  Use mental arithmetic to find the sum or difference of two two-digit numbers. 

 

Math Appeal by Greg Tang.  This book can be found on the Scholastic website at www.scholastic.com

            This picture book is filled with rhyming text and great illustrations that introduce new ways of problem-solving.  4th grade level.

Second Grade Curriculum Standards: Number Sense 2.0 Students estimate, calculate, and solve problems involving addition and subtraction of two- and three-digit numbers:  2.1 Understand and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction.  2.2  Find the sum or difference of two whole numbers up to three digits long.  2.3  Use mental arithmetic to find the sum or difference of two two-digit numbers.  Algebra and Functions 1.0  Students model, represent, and interpret number relationships to create and solve problems involving addition and subtraction:  1.1 Use the commutative and associative rules to simplify mental calculations and to check results.  1.2 Relate problem situations to number sentences involving addition and subtraction. 1.3 Solve addition and subtraction problems by using data from simple charts, picture graphs, and number sentences.

 

Kelley Collins

Themes: Number Sense, money and coins

 

Main Content Standards Addressed: 

Standard 1 – Number Sense and Operations

1)     2.1.2.1. – Understand and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction

2)     2.1.2.3. – Use mental arithmetic to find the sum or difference of two digit numbers.

3)     2.1.5.1. – Solve problems using combinations of coins and bills.

4)     2.1.5.2 – Know and use the decimal notation and the dollar and cent symbols for money.

5)     2.1.3.1 – Use repeated addition, arrays, and counting by multiples to do multiplication

6)     2.1.3.2 – Use repeated subtraction, equal sharing, and forming equal groups with remainders to do division

 

Harcourt Math – Activities and Games for Home or School: Grade 2.  Orlando: Harcourt.  1999.  Teacher’s Guide.

This guide includes copying masters of activity cards, games for each unit and an answer key for second grade math.  There is also an activity called “The Money Machine,” and it’s a game that involves teaching about money.  Grade 2. Standard: 2.1.5.1, 2.1.5.2

 

Three Corner Flash Cards: Addition and subtraction.  Trend Enterprise Inc.  1999.

These flash cards support the NCTM standards and includes all facts through 12.

They help develop number sense, recognize patterns, build fact strategies, boost problem solving skills, and to learn about fact families.  Appropriate for grades 1-2. Standard: 2.1.2.1, 2.1.2.3

 

 

 

 

Learn On the Go Workbooks:  Addition and Subtraction.  Cleveland, Ohio: Learning Horizons. 2003. 

This is a workbook filled with fun worksheets and activities for learning about adding and subtracting numbers to 18, regrouping and money problems. Grades 1-2. Standard: 2.1.2.1, 2.1.2.3

 

Instant Success For Classroom Teachers, New and Substitute Teachers.  By Barbara Cawthorne.  Scottsdale, Arizona:  Greenfield Publications.  1997. 

This book has all kinds of lesson plans, activities for students related to math (as well as other subjects.)  It has worksheets and math games as well, that have to do with number sense such as: adding, subtracting, multiplication and dividing and many more math content areas as well.  Grades K-8. Standard: 2.1.2.1, 2.1.2.3, 2.1.3.1, 2.1.3.2, 2.1.3.3

 

Learning On the Go Workbooks: Beginning Multiplication and Division.  Learning Horizons, 2002. 

This workbook has worksheets and activities having to do with multiplication and division facts to 9, problems with 2 digits and word problems. Grade 3. Standard: 2.1.3.2, 2.1.3.3

 

Multiply and Divide.  Learning Horizons.  Cleveland Ohio, 2001. 

This workbook has more fun activities and worksheets, but it also has coloring pages and stickers for students.    In addition to teaching about multiplication and division, it reinforces concepts such as regrouping, addition, subtraction and problem solving. Grades 2-3. Standard: 2.1.3.1, 2.1.3.2, 2.1.3.3

 

Harcourt Math: Grade 3, Daily Transparencies.  Harcourt, Inc.  2000.

Each transparency has a problem of the day, number of the day and a lesson quiz including concepts such as graphing and money and coins.  Grade 3. Standard: 2.1.5.1, 2.1.5.2

 

Substitute Survival Kit. By Sharon Kirkwood.  Instructional Fair, Inc. 1993.

This great book has stickers for kids, activity pages, awards, grab bag ideas etc.  There are several math activities and worksheets, including  concepts about addition, subtraction and money. Grades 2-3. Standard:  2.1.2.3, 2.1.5.1, 2.1.5.2

 

Creative Classroom Ideas:  Ways to Motivate, Manage, and Spice Up Your Daily Routine.  By Lorin E. Klistoff.  Westminster, CA:  Teacher Created Materials, Inc.  2002.

This book has great ideas that provide engaging activities that will very much help with classroom management at the same time.  There are math review games that have to do with number sense, such as addition and subtraction as well as problem solving.  Appropriate for grades 1-4. Standard:  2.1.2.1, 2.1.2.3

 

Cash Pax tm Money Briefcase. This set has a compartmentalized plastic tray supplied with 100 pennies, 100 nickels, 100 dimes, 100 quarters, 50 half dollars, 100 ones, 100 fives, 100 tens, 100 twenties, 50 fifties, and 50 hundreds and 10 Sacagawea dollar coins.  The kit also includes a Teaching Guide and Learning Money.  This is available online at http://www/enasco.com   Grades 2-3. Standard: 2.1.5.1, 2.1.5.2

 

 

Jennifer Williamson

                                                                                                           

Text Set for Coins and Money: Grade 2


1. Coin County: A Bank in a Book. Written and Illustrated by Jim Talbot. 1999. New York: Innovative Kids.  Picture book.

This easy to read money book features a rhyming text that takes students along a money saving path where along the way they discover many differently ways to count up coins to add up to dollars. Best suited for 1-2 grades.  Available at Boarders, Barnes and Noble and at Amazon.com.

Ca Standard: Mathematics Grade 2

            Number Sense: 5.1 Solve Problems using combinations of coins and bills.

 

2.  Pigs Will Be Pigs: Fun With Math and Money. Written  by Amy Axelrod.  Illustrated by Sharon McGinley-Nally.  1997. Hong Kong: Aladdin. Picture book.

            This book is a story about a family of pig who want to eat out for dinner, but lack the funds.  The Pigs search their house for spare change for their meal and the reader is invited along in the search for money cleverly hidden in the vibrant pictures.  Readers can count money as they go and the see if the pigs have enough to buy the items that they want on the menu when they get to the Enchanted Enchilada restaurant.  A fun way for kids to practice counting money, and reinforcing addition math skills as well.  Read aloud for K-1, independent reading for grade 2.

Ca Standard: Mathematics Grade 2

            Number Sense: 5.1 Solve problems using combinations of coins and bills.

 

3. Pigs Go to Market: Fun with Math and Shopping. Written by Amy Axelrod.  Illustrated by Sharon McGinley-Nally. 1999. Hong Kong: Aladdin. Picture Book.

The Pig family wins a shopping spree at a local supermarket the reader is invited to come along once again on the adventure.  The bright and exciting pictures are engaging to young readers and the text as students once again practicing math skills of counting money, price and quantity skills.  Read aloud for K-1, independent reading for grade 2.

Ca Standard: Mathematics Grade 2

Number Sense: 5.1 Solve problems using combinations of coins and bills.  5.2 Know and use the decimal notation and the dollar and cent symbols for money.

 

4. The Penny Pot. Written by Stuart J. Murphy. Illustrated by Lynne Cravath. 1998. New York: HarperTrophy. Picture book.

            A little girl wants to get her face painted at a school fair, but doesn’t have enough money.  There is a penny pot where other children put their extra pennies and she waits counting up the money until she gets the 50˘ that she needs.  Readers can follow along and count up the pennies with Jessie while practicing their own money skills.  Colorful illustrations accompany the text and will help keep the reader involve with the story.  Best suited as a read aloud for 1-2 grades. Available at Barnes and Noble.

Ca Standard: Mathematics Grade 2

            Number Sense: 5.1 Solve problem-using combinations of coins and bills. 

 

5. The Coin Counting Book. Written by Rozanne Lanczak Williams. 2001. Watertown: Charlesbridge.

Informational book/rhyming text.

Simple text that rhymes with large photographs instructs children in grouping, counting and coin denominations.  Best suited for grades 1-2.  Available at Borders and at Amazon.com.

Ca Standard: Mathematics Grade 1:

Number Sense 1.5 Identify and know the values of coins and show different combinations of coins to equal the same value.

            Grade 2:

            Number sense 5.1 Solve problems using combinations of coins and bills.

 

6. A Dollar for a Penny. Written by Julie Glass.  Illustrated by Joy Allen. 2000. New York: Random House. I Can Read Book Level 1.

            Readers can count up money with Penny as she makes money at her lemonade stand.  Easy text good for struggling readers with a math lesson that is on grade level for second grade.  Best suited for 1-2 grade.  Available from Amazon.com.

Ca Standard: Mathematics Grade 2:

            Number Sense: 5.1 Solve problems using combinations of coins and bills.

 

7. How the Second Grade Got  $8,205.50 to Visit the Statue of Liberty.  Written by Nathan Zimelman.  Illustrated by Bill Slavin. 1992. Morton: Albert Whitman.   Picture Book.

            Great story about how a second grade class raised money to visit the Statue of Liberty.  Best suited as a read aloud for 1-3 grades. Available at Barnes & Noble.

Ca Standard: Mathematics Grade 2:

Number Sense: 5.0 Students model and solve problems by representing, adding, and subtracting amounts of money.

 

8. The Go Around Dollar. Written by Barbara Johnson Adams.   Illustrated by Joyce Audy Zarins. 1992.

New York: Simon & Schuster. Picture book/information book.

A story describing how a single dollar changes hands, accompanied by facts about the one-dollar bill.  Life like pictures give the reader a more real world experience and information about money. Best suited for grades 1-3. Available at Amazon.com.

Ca Standard: Mathematics Grade 2:

Number Sense: 5.0 Students model and solve problems by representing, adding and subtracting amounts of money.

 

9. The Story of Money. Written by Betsy Maestro.  Illustrated by Giulio Maestro. 1995.  New York: HarperTrophy. Picture/Information book.

            A book that is more about money all over the world and discusses how money is made and how it is used.  It is a good resource for information about the history and economics of money.  Best suited for grades 1-3. Available at local libraries and Amazon.com.

Ca Standard: Social Studies: Grade 2

Continuity and Change: 2.4 Students understand basic economic concepts and their individual roles in the economy and demonstrate basic economic reasoning skills.

 

10. Round and Round The Money Goes: What Money Is and How We Use It. Written by Melvin Berger.  Illustrator Jane McCreary. 2001. Nashville: Ideals Childrens. Picture book.

Children are introduced to the basics of money. The text provides brief descriptions of the history of money, how coins and dollar bills are made, circulated, and destroyed. Easy text  and good illustrations.  Best suited for grades 1-2. Available at Barnes & Noble and Amazon.com.

Ca Standard: History Grade 2

Continuity and Change: 2.4 Students understand basic economic concepts and their individual roles in the economy and demonstrate basic economic reasoning skills.