I. Non-experimental designs  

A. Case study

 

 

 

B. One-group pre-posttest design

 

 

 

C. Non-equivalent control group  

 

 

 

D. Quasi-experimental designs  

 E. Evaluating quasi-experimental designs

 

 

 

II.  Developmental Designs

A. What is development?

B. The problem with studying change…

C. Developmental designs as Quasi-experimental designs

  D. Longitudinal Designs

          1. Longitudinal designs allow us to

• observe change over time

• examine individual patterns (paths)

• examine associations between past and present (stability) 

2. Problems with this design

3. When is a longitudinal design appropriate?

 E.  Cross-Sectional 

1.  Age DIFFERENCES (vs. age changes)

2. Problems with this design

3.  When is a cross-sectional study appropriate?

F. Cross-sequential Designs

Discussion questions:

1)   Both longitudinal studies and cross-sectional studies have problems with cohort differences.  How do cohort differences affect the conclusions you draw from your cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, respectively?  What does this have to do with external and internal validity?

2) Think of some potential cohort differences between:

·        20-, 40-, and 60-year-olds

·        3-, 6-, 9-year-olds

3)  What potential confounds are associated with longitudinal and cross-sectional designs respectively?

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