Martell's PRIME SITES: History


INDIVIDUALS

King Tutankhamun
Confucius
Alexander the Great
Cleopatra VII
Constantine I
Charlemagne
King Arthur
Elizabeth I
Napoleon Bonaparte
Robert Peel
Florence Nightingale
Rosa Luxemburg

Nelson Mandela




King Tutankhamun 1341-1323 B.C.

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The Death of Pharaoh
  A student's investigation into the death of the world’s most famous boy king and a list of references.


Guardian's King Tut
  The finest site for linking to other resources about the king and the discovery of his tomb. The diaries of Howard Carter who found the tomb in 1922 are included. These cover the first excavation season in 1922/23.


King Tut’ankhamun
  A visually appealing virtual museum display of artifacts from the Pre-Dynastic period, Middle Kingdom, and other Dynasties with brief descriptions. King Tut’ankhamun’s 18th Dynasty receives special attention.


The Tomb of Tutankhamon
  A tour of the tomb with excellent images and an interesting text interspersed with the timely comments of Howard Carter who uncovered the tomb in the early 1920s.


spirit-stick.gif Tutankhamen
  A visually stunning site with excellent images, descriptions of the artifacts, and concise historical information about the king and the finding of his tomb. There is also a 3-page discussion of Who Killed Tut?


Tutankhamun
  A brief but richly illustrated site with information about Tutankhamun’s life, name, and treasures with links to other subjects about Egypt.


Tutankhamun: Boy King
  An attractive well designed site containing 6 pages of general information about Tutankhamun with excellent images and linkages to other aspects of Egyptology.





Confucius 551- 479 B.C.

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The Analects of Confucius
  This translation of the Analects has 61 pages. The site, Exploring Ancient World Cultures: Readings from Ancient China, also includes an 8-page essay on Confucianism from the Catholic Encyclopedia.


Confucius
  Contains a brief biography of Confucius, several images, translations of selected sayings and teachings, and a list of links.


Confucius
  The site has 6 pages of quotations and representative ideograms from the Analects and a list of Confucian Chinese classics.


Resources for the Study of East Asian Language and Thought
  In Charles Muller’s E-Texts and Reference Works there are Five Classics of Traditional East Asian Thought including translations of Confucius’ Analects, Great Learning, and Doctrine of the Mean as well as selections from the work of Mencius, one of Confucius’ students.





Alexander the Great Sites

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Alexander the Great
  A lively site with a wonderful use of graphics and layout with extensive information about Alexander and his times as well as many very effective cross-links.


Alexander the Great
  An illustrated 19-page site with biographical information about Alexander, family, friends, and adventures.


blueanstar.gif Alexander the Great
  A well-organized site with relatively lengthy biographical information about Alexander. The black and white images produce an excellent dramatic effect.


Alexander the Great
  This site has 3 pages with links to several other resources. The main purpose of the site seems to be to encourage the study of Alexander in terms appropriate to the times in which he lived.


Alexander the Great on the Web
  Lists over 350 pages relating to Alexander the Great. According to editor Timothy Spalding "the pages vary widely in scholarship and beauty, although the general level is quite low.


Alexander the Macedonian
  A nicely illustrated 7-page biography of Alexander with several cross-links.


candleS.gif Perseus Project: An Evolving Digital Library - Alexander
  An essential site for the study of Ancient Greece. From the Starting Points entry on the main page one moves to the English Index, Encyclopedia, and Thomas Martin’s extensive Overview of Archaic and Classical Greek History. A search for "Alexander" in the English Index retrieves 999 entries. A search for "Alexander" in the Encyclopedia retrieves 11 different Alexanders. Alexander the Great is number 11. Helpful full-text biographical information about Alexander appears under the heading of "The Creation of Macedonian Power" in Martin’s topical outline to his Overview.





Cleopatra VII Sites

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Cleopatra VII
  A 5-page biography of Cleopatra.





Constantine I (273 – 336 A.D.)

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Constantine the Great
  A 9-page biography of Constantine from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia.


Medieval Sourcebook: Eusebius of Caesarea: The Life of the Blessed Emperor Constantine
  An 83-page excerpt about the Emperor Constantine from a larger work by Eusebius.


Medieval Sourcebook. Selected Sources: The End of the Classical World
  Under the outline entry "The Triumph of the Church" are several texts about Constantine including The Conversion of Constantine by Eusebius and laws regulating the Catholic Church.


ORB Online Encyclopedia: Byzantium: Constantine I
  A 9-page site with a 3-page biography of Constantine I, a 5-page bibliography, and a map of the Roman Empire in the 4th century.





King Arthur Sites

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The Age of Chivalry or Legends of King Arthur
  Includes the full-text of 10 chapters from volume 2 of the classic Bullfinch’s Mythology: The Age of Chivalry or Legends of King Arthur. Other chapters are under development.


blueanstar.gif Arthurian Resources on the Internet
  This well-developed site by John J. Doherty has selective links to primary Electronic Texts, Critical Sites developed by scholars, General Sites with useful starting points, a 29-page Arthurian Booklist, and Arthurian Links.


Arthuriana
  A quality site with lengthy annotations of the Arthurian Literature, an excellent set of links, an interesting 20-page essay on "The Historicity and Historicisation of Arthur" by the site creator Tom Green, an investigation with images of various claims concerning the location of Arthur’s realm in the section Arthurian Sites, and biographies especially of Myrddin, or more popularly Merlin.


Camelot Project: Arthurian Texts, Images, Bibliographies, and Basic Information
  A major site with an impressive gallery of text and images from the Middle Ages to the present. The King Arthur’s Court section is a rich source of information about major court characters. Arthur’s biography alone contains 8 complete medieval texts, over 40 other full-text entries many of which are poems, and numerous images. The 15-page Author Index links to hundreds of full-text materials and the 11-page Artist Index does the same for images. The Arthurian bibliography is extensive.


Camlan: An Exploration of Arthurian Britain
  Camlan has good visual appeal with sections on Arthurian Archaeology containing photos and drawings, Battles & Weaponry, The Quest, Arthurian Chronology, and Historical References & Resources that includes 5 Early Middle Ages texts.


candleS.gif King Arthur
  An excellent visually appealing well-constructed site with considerable content. Among the topics covered are the myth of Arthur, his battles, and rule as King. There are 16 articles in the Arthurian Guest Article section. The personal recommendations in the finely annotated Selected Arthurian Related Sites section are well chosen. The On-Line Arthurian Sources/Dark Ages On-Line Sources section contains links to scores of complete texts relevant to this period in history.


blueanstar.gif King Arthur
  A fine site containing a 6-page "Narrative History of Arthurian Britain" (part of Peter Williams’ Narrative History of England), a series of articles by Geoffrey Ashe in the section A Quest for Arthur, brief sketches of the lives and deeds of major characters with wonderful cross-links, 14 early Arthurian history source texts and documents, and other useful features presented in an attractive package.


The Quest: An Arthurian Resource
  A lavishly illustrated visually stimulating site. The major sections such as the Court, Grail, and Quest have subsections of varying length. Under Court are brief biographies of Arthur, Merlin, Lancelot, and others. Under The Celts there is a 6-page essay on "Celtic Women: Myth and Symbol."





Charlemagne (742 – 814 A.D.)

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Charlemagne
  A 12-page biography of Charlemagne from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia. Cross-links have been added.


The Frankish Empire and the Carolingian Dynasty
  A 4-page essay with links to other resources


The Historical Charlemagne
  A 3-page biography of Charlemagne from the 1991 Compton's Encyclopedia.


Legends of Charlemagne or Romances of the Middle Ages
  Includes the full-text of 16 chapters from volume 3 of Bullfinch’s Mythology: Legends of Charlemagne or Romances of the Middle Ages. The text of Song of Roland is available through one of the many cross-links.


Medieval Sourcebook: Selected Sources: Carolingians and After
  A rich source of textual materials about Charlemagne and the Carolingian Dynasty. Includes the full-text of Einhard’s Life of Charlemagne. Einhard was a contemporary of Charlemagne.





Elizabeth I (1533 – 1603)

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Elizabeth I
  There is a 5-page biography, some quotes, poems and speeches by Elizabeth, 8 general essays and articles, and a fine set of additional sources with many biographies and other materials including images.


Elizabeth I
  Includes a 3-page biography of Elizabeth I, a gallery with 34 images, and a link to the Tudor England home page of which this is but a part.


Elizabeth I: Queen of England
  At this official website of the British monarchy there is a 4-page biography of Elizabeth under the entry "Monarchy through the Ages."


Monarchs of Britain: Elizabeth I
  A 3-page biography and a brief genealogy of Elizabeth I.





Napoleon Bonaparte Sites

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France During the French Revolution and Under Napoleon Bonarparte
  A 17 page annotated chronology of civil and military events by Richard Orsinger.


The Life Story of Napoleon Bonaparte
  There are 8 sections on the life of Napoleon. One of these is a 23-page section entitled The War of Liberation and the Fall and Abdication of Napoleon.


Napoleon
  Contains a 9-page chronology of the life and times of Napoleon, an image database, genealogy, links to other sites, one of which has 235 texts in French, and more than 10 articles about the Campaign in Egypt and other aspects of Napoleon’s career.


Napoleon Bonaparte Internet Guide
  A good site with links to many articles and biographies about Napoleon, resources on the Napoleonic Era, including more than 20 complete articles, books, and papers by or about the brilliant military theorist Carl von Clausewitz, a very short but selective list of other major sites, and an index to newspaper articles written in the year 1815. A member of the Napoleonic Wars Ring.


faering.gif The Napoleon Series
  An outstanding site. This electronic magazine is dedicated to Napoleon and his times. It contains as many as 50 Reader’s Articles and Papers, a lengthy 7-section description of The Campaign of the Hundred Days, 1 to 2 page biographies of 26 of Napoleon’s marshals, a Waterloo Battlefield Pictorial, brief descriptions of Napoleon’s Battles and Treaties with lengthy lists of the military units involved, and a fine selection of links to other sites.


Napoleonic Literature
  There are 9 full-text books at this site, some from the 19th century, as well as 3 articles on the Egyptian Campaign, a chronology of Napoleon’s life, images, a set of interesting facts with brief explanations, and information on the Battle of Waterloo.


Napoleonic War Series
  Four articles from the War Times Journal, including Edward Blanchard’s nicely illustrated 9-page "The French Revolt and Empire," six archives with the dispatches of Nelson and Wellington, the reminiscences of a Marshal of France, and selections of Napoleon’s correspondence.


The Napoleonic Wars
  Contains short excerpts from three books on Napoleon’s campaigns, 9 articles on various battles with accounts and order of battle information, a timeline by year from 1769 to 1840, and a Selected Battles Statistics Page 1792-1815.


Napoleonic Wars Ring
  Contains a brief description of each of the 47 sites linked to the Napoleonic Wars Ring.





Robert Peel (1788-1850)

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Britain's Prime Ministers
  A two page biography of Robert Peel.


Robert Peel: An Overview
  Brief descriptions of events in Robert Peel’s life are provided by Marjie Bloy. There is also an interesting assessment of Peel by Disraeli who became Prime Minister later in the century.


The Spartacus Internet Encyclopedia of British History: Prime Ministers 1780-1900
  This site contains a two to three page biography of Peel with numerous cross-links to other subjects, e.g., the repeal of the Corn Laws in 1845.





Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)

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Florence Nightingale Museum
  Site has a 5-page biography of Nightingale and 3 essays about her – Image & Reality, The Passionate Statistician, and Florence Nightingale’s Statistical Diagrams.


Modern History Sourcebook: Florence Nightingale: Rural Hygiene
  A 4-page essay from the Selected Writings of Florence Nightingale.


A Nightingale Moment
  Links to other sites with short biographical information on Nightingale, some essays about her, and a selection of 35 letters with images of the originals.





Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919)

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Rosa Luxemburg
  Five articles by or about Rosa Luxemburg including the 15-page Junius Pamphlet about the working class and World War I.


Rosa Luxemburg
  A 1-page item with a paragraph of biographical information and a listing of the Luxemburg materials in the archive.





Nelson Mandela Sites

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candleS.gif African National Congress
  The Index to ANC Information leads to ANC Historical Documents, Books, and other topics of interest. The section on Historical Documents of the African National Congress (ANC) provides basic documents about the ANC in categories such as major campaigns and struggles against apartheid, organizations allied or associated with the ANC, boycotts, biographies of leaders, and the transition period. There are 10 complete books including Class & Colour in South Africa, 1850-1950 and Native Life in South Africa, Before and Since the European War and the Boer Rebellion. Articles from Mayibuye, the Journal of the African National Congress appear under Publications.


The Mandela Page
  Speeches, photographs, and full-text of autobiography of Nelson Madela. Also contains link to African National Congress (ANC) historical documents.


Mandela Speaks
  Selected speeches, statements, and writings of Nelson Mandela from 1950s to the present.





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