Philosophy 60: Symbolic Logic

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Administrative:

• Philosophy 60 Section 1 Syllabus
• Philosophy 60 Section 3 Syllabus
• Grading and Expectations
• Getting Logical Symbols in MS Word
• Convert Grade to Percentage

Extra Credit For Section 60-1:

• Indirect or Conditional Proof

Final Exam Schedule:

• Section 1 :
• Section 3 :

Review For Midterm Exam:

• List of Midterm Topics
• Translating Into Sentential: Easy Answers
• Translating Sentential Logic: Moderate Answers
• Translating Conditionals And Biconditionals: Practice
• Practice: From Logic to English: Answers
• Practice Symbolizing & Deduction: Gustason p. 94: Answers
• Sentential Deduction: Practice Problems: Answers
• Summary of Predicate/Quantified Deduction
• Practice Indirect Proof
• Deducing Sentential Theorems: Answers

Review For Final Exam:

• List of Review Topics
• Symbolizing in Predicate Logic with Only Constants
• Symbolizing In Predicate Logic (One quantifier-- Multiple Choice)
• Symbolizing Predicate Logic (One class & AEIO): Answers
• Symbolize Predicate Logic Review Steps, Every type : Answers
• Symbolize Predicate Logic: Multiply Quantified (multiple choice)
• Practice V: Symbolizing Predicate Logic Multiple Quant: Answers
• Practice VII: Putting it All Together: Jobs
• Symbolizing Sentences, Gustason, p. 177: Answers
• Review Deduce Deductions with Multiply Quantified Predicates
• Review Deducing Theorems
• Chapter 6 and 7 Review Questions

• Modal Logic: Chart and Examples
• Modal Logic: Review: Answers
• Many Valued Logic: Review Questions: Answers

Homework Assignments:

Section 1

• Homework #1, Chapter 1, Due:
• Homework #2, Chapter 2, Due:
• Homework #3, Chapter 3, Due:
• Homework #4, Chapter 5, Due:
• Homework #5, Chapter 6, Due:
• Homework #6, Chapter 7, Due:

Section 3

• Homework #1, Chapter 1, Due:
• Homework #2, Chapter 2, Due:
• Homework #3, Chapter 3, Due:
• Homework #4, Chapter 5, Due:
• Homework #5, Chapter 6, Due:
• Homework #6, Chapter 7, Due:

OVERHEADS

Chapter 1:

• Arguments Vs. Explanations
• Analyzing Passages: Arguments & Parts
• Classifying Arguments:Deductive/Inductive
• Validity, Implication, Soundness

• Sentential Logic: Skills and Uses
• Introduction to Sentential Logic
• Finding the Main Connective: English
• Sentence and Argument Forms
• Introduction to Symbolizing in Sentential Logic
• Summary of Symbolizing in Sentential Logic
• Truth Functional Sentence Connectives
• Properties of 'and' and 'or'
• Translating Conditionals and Biconditionals
• Translating Sentential Logic: Examples
• Sentence Connectives Chart
• Unless
• Symbolizing Sentences and Sentence Forms
• Finding the Main Connective: Formulas
• Practice: From Logic to English

Chapter 2: Statement Logic: Semantic Methods

• Logical Properties of Sentences and Sentence Forms
• Truth Tables for Sentence Connectives
• Introduction to Truth Tables
• Creating Truth Tables: Number of Rows
• Practice: Logical Properties of Sentences
• Implication and Equivalence Between Sentences: English
• Use TT Show Implication or Equivalence Between Sentences
• Implication and Equivalence: Examples
• The Corresponding Conditional
• Valid Argument Forms: Modus Ponens, Etc.
• Valid Argument Forms: Using Truth Tables
• The Corresponding Conditional of a Truth Table Valid Argument
• Representing Tautologies: Double Turnstile
• Prove Constructive Dilemma
• The Short Truth Table Method: Simplest Case
• The Short Truth Table Method: Two Rows Needed to Show Valid
• The Short Truth Table Method: More Rows Needed To Show Invalid
• Short TT: More Than One Way to Make Conclusion False
• The Short Truth Table Method: Practice
• Truth Table Method: Long and Short Compared

Chapter 3: Statement Logic: Deductive Methods

• Validity, Deductive Rules and Deductions
• Introduction to Deduction
• Rules of Inference Vs. Rules of Replacement
• Rules of Inference & Replacement: Conjunctions
• Rules of Inference & Replacement: Disjunction
• Rules of Inference & Replacement: Implication & Equivalence
• General Deduction Strategies
• Practice Sentential Deduction: One Liners: Answers
• Practice Deduction: Simp, Add, Conj, DS, MP: Answers
• Practice Deduction: Moderate

• Conditional Proof Demo and Steps
• Introduction to Conditional Proof
• More On Conditional Proof
• Practice Problem Set: Conditional Proof: Answers
• Indirect Proof Method
• Conditional Proof Vs. Indirect Proof
• Practice Indirect Proof: Last Steps
• Practice Indirect Proof
• Proof Strategies: Expanded Set
• Introduction to Proving Theorems
• Practice Proving Theorems: Answers

Chapter 4: Consistency Between Semantic & Deductive Methods

• Soundness & Completeness: The Steps
• Proving Strong Completeness

Chapter 5: Predicate Logic: Symbolizing

• Why Predicate Logic?
• Sentential Vs. Predicate Logic: Chart
• Claims: Types and Internal Structure
• Types of Noun Phrases
• Types of Predicates
• Generalizing: The Need For Quantifers
• Role Of Variables
• Predicate Logic: Terminology
• Recursive Definition of a Formula in Predicate Logic
• Open Sentences and Substitution Instances
• Exercise: Find Main Connective, Sentence Type
• Practice: Symbolize in Predicate Logic, One Quantifier
• Universe of Discourse
• Types of Sentences: A, E, I and O
• Representing Relational Predicates
• Relational Verbs: Order of Variables
• Practice Multiple Quantification
• Exercise: Practice for Quiz Translate Predicate Logic
• Predicate Logic and Identity
• Definite Descriptions

Chapter 6: Predicate Logic: Semantic Methods

• Semantic Definitions
• Semantic Methods for Predicate Logic
• Semantic Methods: Chart
• Why Truth Tables Won't Work
• Method 1: Showing Invalidity by English Interpretation
• Practice 1: Show Argument Invalid English Interpretation
• Practice 2: Show Arg Invalid using English Interpretation
• Exercise: Use English Interpretation 4 Premises
• Universe of Discourse Size and Showing Invalidity
• Method 2: Showing Invalidity Using Instantiation
• Instantiate With More Than One Individual
• Practice 1: Showing Invalidity by Instantiation
• Practice 2: Showing Invalidity Via Instantiation
• Instantiate Multiply Quantified Sentences
• Instantiate Multiply Quantified Arguments

Chapter 7: Predicate Logic: Deductive Methods

• Deduction Policies: Acceptable Shortcuts
• Why We Need Quantified Deduction
• Introduction To Quantified Deduction
• Existential Instantiation
• Rules of Instantiation
• Rules of Generalization
• Universal Proof Practice: Simple
• Universal Proof Practice: Simple 2
• Nested Universal Proof Demo
• Existential Proof Demo
• Existential Instantiation (EI)
• Existential Proofs: Practice 1
• Conditional Quantified Proof Demo (Nested)
• Practice 1: Conditional Proof
• Practice 2: Conditional Proof
• Rule of Quantifier Negation
• Quantifier Negation Demo
• Proof Strategies
• Relational Logic: Multiply Quantified Demo 1:
• Practice 1: Multiply Quantified Predicates
• Practice 2: Multiply Quantified Predicates
• Relational Logic: Multiply Quantified Two Existential Premises
• Deducing Theorems Demo: Answers
• Rules of Quantified Identity
• Summary of Quantified Deduction

Beyond Classical Logic: Bonevac Deduction

Necessity

• Problems With Material Implication
• Modal Logic Definitions
• Five Theses of Modal Logic

Many-Valued Logic

• Comparison: Classical and Many Valued Logic
• Many Valued Truth Connectives

Fuzzy Logic

• Sentence Connectives Definitions