from Gerdes p. 336 in Powell and Frankenstein:
Early stages of mathematics education offer a very efficient way of
instilling in the children a sense of failure and dependency. In other
words the mathematical competencies, which are lost in the first years
of schooling, are essential at this stage for everyday life and labor opportunities.
But they have indeed been lost. The former, let us say spontaneous, abilities
have been downgraded, repressed, and forgotten while the learned ones have
not been assimilated either as a consequence of a learning blockage, or
of an early drop-out, or even as a consequence of failure or many other
reasons. The question which arises then is what to do: "should we . . .
give up school mathematics and remain with ethnomathematics? Clearly not
. . .one should, however compatibilize cultural forms, that is the mathematics
in schools shall be such that it facilitates knowledge, understanding,
incorporation and compatibilization if known and current popular practices
into the curriculum. In other words, recognition and incorporation of ethnomathematics
into the curriculum, it is necessary to identify within ethnomathematics
a structured body of knowledge.
D’Ambrosio, U. (1985). Socio-cultural bases for mathematics education.
Campinas: UNICAMP. p.45 - 47)