March 19, 1998 NAME________________________
BIO 5 GENERAL BIOLOGY
EXAM 2
(100 points)
MULTIPLE CHOICE: FOR EACH QUESTION CAREFULLY FILL IN THE CORRECT LETTER ON YOUR SCANTRON FORM.
(2 points each--80 points)
1. The epidermis of stems
A. lacks a cuticle.
B. is a region of food storage.
C. may have stomata.
D. provides support.
2. Phloem loading
A. occurs because sugar is in higher concentration in the leaf mesophyll cell than in the phloem cell.
B. generally occurs in the leaf.
C. is possible because of water cohesion.
D. causes water to move from the phloem to the xylem.
3. I have just made a cutting from a rosemary shrub (herb used in cooking). To root the cutting quickly I can
A. dip the cut end in ethylene-containing powder.
B. place the cut end in water with plant food (fertilizer).
C. pinch off the meristem and then place the cut end in tap water.
D. dip the cut end in auxin-containing powder.
4. Double fertilization refers to
A. two sperm swimming to eggs in two archegonia of a fern gametophyte.
B. two pollen grains producing pollen tubes and two eggs in the archegonia of the pine gametophyte becoming fertilized.
C. the production of both an embryo and female gametophyte tissue in pine seeds.
D. the production of both a zygote and the first endosperm cell in angiosperms.
5. Selaginella differs from other seedless vascular plants because
A. the gametophyte generation is dominant and has stems, root, and leaves.
B. the sporophyte produces whorls of branches and leaves.
C. spores are produced by mitosis instead of meiosis.
D. it has two sizes of spores, microspores and megaspores.
6. Photoperiodism
A. is a plant’s response to the direction of light.
B. is a plant’s response to the absence of light.
C. is a plant’s response to a change in the amount of light and dark in a 24 hour period.
D. is a plant’s response to presence of light.
7. Which of the following is not a way in which gymnosperms differ from seedless vascular plants?
A. Water is not necessary for fertilization to occur in gymnosperms; it is necessary for fertilization in seedless vascular plants.
B. The sporophyte generation is dominant in gymnosperms; the gametophyte generation is dominant in seedless vascular plants.
C. Pollen is produced by gymnosperms; it is not produced by seedless vascular plants.
D. The female gametophyte of gymnosperms is produced entirely inside the megaspore wall and is non-photosynthetic; the gametophyte of ferns is photosynthetic.
8. The first land plants
A. were seedless vascular plants and bryophytes.
B. appeared about 100 million years ago.
C. were the gymnosperms.
D. arose from the red algae.
9. Which structure is labeled incorrectly on the diagram below:
A. internode
B. root apex
C. axillary bud
D. petiole
10. Water cohesion
A. creates the pulling force which pulls water upward in the xylem from the roots through the stem to the leaves.
B. causes water to move from the xylem into the phloem in response to differences in water concentration.
C. is an energy requiring process.
D. is the term that describes the "sticking together" of water molecules.
11. The endodermis of the root
A. allows some minerals to move into the vascular tissue and prevents others from doing so.
B. protects the root apical meristem from damage by the soil.
C. prevents food from escaping from the phloem cells.
D. is the boundary between the root and the environment.
12. In perennial plants, dormancy
A. is only possible in seeds of the plant since the plant dies after the growing season ends.
B. is both triggered (begun) and released (ended) by temperature changes alone.
C. is preceded by leaf drop (in deciduous plants) and formation of terminal buds.
D. begins when the terminal bud begins to grow and leaves are produced.
13. In the plant life cycle, spores
A. are produced by mitosis.
B. fuse together to form a zygote.
C. undergo mitosis to produce a sporophyte.
D. have a 1N relative chromosome number.
14. In the diagram of the flower below:
A. "A" is the anther.
B. "B" is the ovule.
C. "C" is the stigma.
D. "D" is the style.
15. In ferns, both fertilization and the first divisions of the embryo occur
A. on the soil near the fern gametophyte.
B. in the antheridium.
C. in the archegonium.
D. within spores in the sporangium.
16. Food transport
A. can occur only when the stomata of a plant are open.
B. is always from a "sink" to a "source".
C. occurs in living cells.
D. does not require energy.
17. Which of the following is not a feature of the fern gametophyte?
A. The fern gametophyte has chloroplasts.
B. The fern gametophyte produces both eggs and sperm.
C. The fern gametophyte is anchored to the soil by rhizoids.
D. The fern gametophyte produces either antheridia or archegonia.
18. Gymnosperm seeds are different from angiosperm seeds because
A. The integument of gymnosperms seeds develops from the megasporangium; that of angiosperms develops from the integument.
B. Gymnosperm seeds have 1N embryos; those of angiosperms are 2N.
C. The female gametophyte is the food source in gymnosperm seeds; the endosperm is the food source in angiosperm seeds.
D. Throughout their development, the seeds of gymnosperms are completely surrounded by and protected by cone scales; the seeds of angiosperms are "naked" and unprotected.
19. The land plants faced many problems in making the transition from the water environment to the land environment. Which of the following is not one of these problems?
A. support
B. drying out
C. obtaining food
D. dispersal of reproductive cells (spores and gametes).
20. Gibberellin (gibberellic acid or G.A.)
A. is a synthetic auxin.
B. causes cell elongation.
C. can be used as a weed killer of broad leaf plants.
D. is used to make cuttings root faster and more abundantly.
21. Which of the following is not a reason why the green algae are thought to be the ancestors of the land plants?
A. The green algae are aquatic.
B. The green algae have the same pigments as land plants.
C. The green algae store food as starch.
D. The green algae have cellulose cell walls.
22. The fruit of angiosperms
A. develops from the ovule.
B. is another name for the seed coat.
C. surrounds and protects seeds.
D. is one of the two products of double fertilization.
23. In the diagram of a leaf cross section below:
A. "A" is the xylem.
B. "B" is a guard cell.
C. "C" is the palisade mesophyll.
D. "D" is the cuticle.
24. A plant needs minerals because
A. they provide the raw materials needed to build sugars (C6H12O6) in photosynthesis.
B. the plant could not conduct water if they were not present.
C. the plant uses minerals to build molecules such as proteins and phospholipids.
D. they allow the plant to coordinate its response to the environment.
25. Xylem cells
A. are dead when they function in water conduction.
B. are located in the very center of the stems but are found in vascular bundles surrounding the pith of a root.
C. conduct minerals and sugar.
D. transport water and minerals either upward or downward within the plant.
26. Why does a long day plant flower when the days get long enough?
A. Enough Pfr remains at the end of the night.
B. The Pfr concentration is low enough at the end of the night.
C. Enough Pfr remains at the end of the day.
D. The Pfr concentration is low enough at the end of the day.
27. In the plant life cycle, gametes form
A. when cells of the gametophyte undergo mitosis.
B. when cells of the gametophyte undergo meiosis.
C. when cells of the sporophyte undergo mitosis.
D. when cells of the sporophyte undergo meiosis.
28. Which of the following is a gymnosperm?
A. Selaginella
B. Equisetum
C. cycad
D. corn
29. Micronutrients
A. are transported through the phloem.
B. are required by plants in relatively large amounts (10-100 ppm).
C. refers to the glucose molecules produced in photosynthesis.
D. include zinc, copper, and molybdenum.
30. How are the male gametophytes of angiosperms different from the male gametophytes of pine?
A. The angiosperm male gametophyte consists of three cells; that of pine consists of five cells.
B. The angiosperm male gametophyte consists of seven cells; that of pine consists of thousands of cells.
C. The angiosperm male gametophyte is called endosperm; that of pine is called pollen.
D. The angiosperm male gametophyte is produced directly by meiosis; that of pine is produced directly by mitosis.
31. Which of the following is not true of the stem apical meristem?
A. The stem apical meristem is a region in which cell divisions occur continuously.
B. The stem apical meristem is where IAA is produced.
C. The stem apical meristem produces young leaves.
D. The stem apical meristem is where cell elongation occurs.
32. In the diagram of the stem cross section below:
A. "A" is the cuticle.
B. "B" is the phloem.
C. "C" is the cortex.
D. "D" is the vascular bundle.
33. Which of the following is not a function of the root?
A. The root anchors the plant.
B. The root stores food.
C. The root absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
D. The root produces IAA.
34. In land plants vascular tissue is found in
A. bryophyte and vascular plant sporophytes.
B. only in vascular plant gametophytes.
C. only in vascular plant sporophytes.
D. vascular plant sporophytes and gametophytes.
35. The spores of ferns
A. are produced by meiosis.
B. undergo mitosis to produce a sporophyte.
C. can be released from the parent plant only if water is present.
D. are produced in antheridia.
36. Which statement about pollination in angiosperms is true?
A. Angiosperms receive efficient pollination through their use of animal pollinators.
B. Pollination in angiosperms is complete when pollen has been transfered from the anther to the style of the pistil.
C. Pollination in angiosperms is complete when wind carries pollen to the pollination droplet.
D. Animal pollinators do not benefit in any way by visiting flowers.
37. In the diagram of the fern sporophyte below:
A. "A" is a cluster of anteridia.
B. "B" is an adventitious root.
C. "C" is a petiole.
D. "D" is a leaf.
38. Which of the following is not an adaptation?
A. bog plants developing the ability to trap and digest insects
B. desert plants developing water storage tissues
C. a broad-leaf weed dying when 2,4-D is added to a lawn
D. a flower with its structures arranged so that it can be pollinated easily by honey bees
39. The shoot system of a plant does not
A. store food.
B. include both stem and leaves.
C. absorb water and mineral
D. have nodes and internodes
(There is one more multiple choice question at the top of the next page.)
40. Apical dominance
A. is present both in stems and roots.
B. prevents branches from forming near the stem apex.
C. is caused by gibberellin.
D. means that growth occurs only at the apex.
DEFINE OR OTHERWISE BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING TERMS BY WRITING TWO CORRECT BIOLOGICAL STATEMENTS IN YOUR MINI-BLUE BOOK ABOUT EACH TERM WHICH DEMONSTRATES YOU UNDERSTANDING OF THE TERM. (2 pts. each--6 pts.) Write complete sentences.
1. osmosis
2. pistil
3. geotropism
SHORT ANSWER: FOR EACH OF THE 4 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS BELOW, USE YOUR NEWLY ACQUIRED BOTANICAL KNOWLEDGE TO EITHER EXPLAIN THE BOTANICAL REASONS FOR THE SITUATION OR WHY YOUR SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM WILL WORK. WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN YOUR MINI-BLUE BOOK. (2 pts. each--8 pts.) Write a short paragraph (2-4 sentences) using complete sentences for each question. If you use a diagram, label it and describe the diagram using complete sentences.
1. I planted tomato seeds to grow seedlings (young plants) to transplant later into my garden. I put the containers out in my unlighted garage and placed them under "gro lights" (light fixtures with special bulbs) but forgot to plug in the lights and forgot about the plants for two weeks. The seeds have germinated and the seedlings have begun to grow. How will the seedlings look? What will happen when I plug in the lights and allow the seedlings to continue to grow?
2. You have purchased a twenty year old home that has many mature shrubs planted around it. When you looked closely at the shrubs, you noticed that the new leaves of the shrubs have an unusual appearance. The veins of the leaves are red or purple and the shoot appears dark green. What is wrong with the shrubs? (Be as specific as possible.) What can you do to fix the problem?
3. It is a hot, windy, dry spring day. You have gone to K-Mart to purchase several containers of young flower plants to plant in outdoor containers. As you leave are store, the manager of the garden department says to you, "I wouldn’t plant those plants into containers today." Why does she give you this advice?
4. Your neighbor does a great deal of traveling. Frequently she is gone for most of a week. One day when you are visiting your neighbor, she says, "I’m having a problem with the plant I have on my window sill. I know that you are taking a biology class. Maybe you can tell me what’s wrong with the plant." When she shows you the plant, you find that it is, indeed, growing strangely. (See the diagram of the plant below.) What’s wrong with the plant?
LABEL THE DIAGRAM: NUMBER FROM 1-6 IN YOUR MINI-BLUE BOOK. IDENTIFY EACH NUMBERED STRUCTURE OR PROCESS ON THE NEXT PAGE (1 pt. each--6 pts.)
Words or phrases are ok.