October 21, 1998 NAME________________________
BIO 5 GENERAL BIOLOGY
EXAM 2
(100 points)
MULTIPLE CHOICE: FOR EACH QUESTION CAREFULLY FILL IN THE CORRECT LETTER ON YOUR SCANTRON FORM.
(3 points each--78 points)
1. On a cool, humid, wind-still day
A. phloem loading in a plant’s leaves will be rapid.
B. transpiration in a plant’s leaves will be rapid.
C. the stomata of the leaf will be closed.
D. water vapor will diffuse slowly from the air space inside the leaf into the atmosphere through the stomata of leaves.
2. Unlike the female gametophyte of pine, the female gametophyte of a flowering plant
A. is 3N instead of 1N like that of pine.
B. consists of three cells instead of five cells like that of pine.
C. consists of seven cells instead of hundreds of cells like that of pine.
D. provides food for the growth of the embryo instead of being replaced by the endosperm as in pine.
3. In a plant life cycle, the gametophyte
A. is produced when a spore undergoes mitosis.
B. is produced when two gametes (egg and sperm) fuse together in the process of fertilization.
C. produces spores in specialized regions called sporangia.
D. produces gametes by meiosis.
4. Which of the following plants is not a gymnosperm?
A. Gnetum
B. Ginkgo
C. redwood tree (Sequoia)
D. Equisetum (horsetails)
5. The land plants faced many problems in making the transition from the water environment to the land environment. The vascular plants solved the problem of obtaining water and minerals by
A. becoming photosynthetic.
B. developing roots for absorption of water and minerals.
C. taking in water and minerals through the epidermis of the stem and leaves.
D. developing phloem cells for water and mineral transport.
6. In the diagram of the fern gametophyte below:
A. "A" is a root.
B. "B" is a sporangium.
C. "C" is an archegonium.
D. "D" is a spore.
7. Osmosis
A. is the process which occurs when water leaves the air space inside the
B. is the "sticking together" of water molecules.
C. is the process which occurs when water moves from the xylem into the phloem (passing through a plasma membrane) after sugar has been "loaded" into the phloem of a leaf.
D. requires the expenditure energy in the form of ATP.
8. In pine, the difference between a microspore and pollen is that
A. a microspore is one cell and pollen consists of five cells.
B. a microspore is 1N and pollen is 2N.
C. a microspore consists of five cells and pollen consists of hundreds of cells.
D. a microspore is formed by mitosis and pollen is formed by meiosis.
9. Your neighbor shows you a plant which she keeps in her spare room. The plant is very tall, has a thin stem, is yellow in color, has leaves that are folded in half, the internodes are long, and the stem apex is bent over. What is wrong with the plant?
A. It has been over-watered.
B. It has received too little iron (Fe) and has an iron deficiency.
C. It has a genetic mutation which prevents it from synthesizing gibberellin.
D. It has received too little light and is etiolated.
10. In flowers, the function of
A. sepals is to attract pollinators.
B. the pistil is to contain ovules.
C. stamens is to produce megaspores through meiosis.
D. the receptacle is to receive pollen.
11. A plant in a pot has been watered with water containing a chemical that keeps water molecules from sticking together. How will this affect water transport?
A. Transpiration will not occur because water will be prevented from evaporating from the cells in the leaf mesophyll.
B. Water will begin to move from a "sink" to a "source," i.e. the flow of water will be reversed.
C. It will not be possible for water to be pulled to the top of the plant, and the plant will lose water from its leaves until it wilts and, eventually, dies.
D. Water transport will be unaffected.
12. In the diagram of the stem cross section below:
A. "A" is the xylem.
B. "B" is the pith.
C. "C" is the cortex.
D. "D" is the endodermis.
13. Ferns (and other seedless vascular plants) are known as the "amphibians" of the plant world because
A. they are the only vascular plants in which one individual produces both eggs and sperm like an amphibian.
B. they are aquatic like the amphibians.
C. water is necessary to provide a means for sperm to swim to the egg just as amphibians return to water for fertilization.
D. they are all small and inconspicuous like all amphibians.
14. The plant hormone, IAA,
A. is produced in the root apical meristem and is transported upwards in the plant.
B. causes greater cell elongation on the side of a stem which is away from a light source (or is the shaded side).
C. prevents adventitious roots from forming on cuttings.
D. is an example of a synthetic hormone which was synthesized in a laboratory.
15. The phloem differs from the xylem in that
A. the phloem is present in the stem and leaves but not in the roots while the xylem is present in all three parts of the plant.
B. phloem cells have thick cell walls and those of xylem are thin.
C. the phloem can conduct materials both upward and downward in the plant and the xylem conducts materials only upward.
D. phloem cells are dead when they conduct materials and xylem cells are living.
16. In the history of the land plants, gymnosperms
A. are the first vascular plants to appear.
B. are the first land plants and appear before the bryophytes.
C. appear at the same time as the angiosperms.
D. appear after the seedless vascular plants but before the angiosperms.
17. In the diagram of the pine seed below:
A. "A" is the integument.
B. "B" is 1N (haploid).
C. "C" is the embryo.
D. "D" is the endosperm.
18. A nutrient
A. is always a simple inorganic molecule which is dissolved in soil water.
B. is a material which is acquired from the environment which is necessary for growth and survival.
C. is produced in one location in an organism and is transported to another location where it has an effect.
D. refers to molecules that a plant synthesizes using minerals.
19. Transpiration
A. is responsible for transporting materials through the phloem.
B. requires ATP.
C. is the means by which all plant hormones move through the plant.
D. generates a pulling force which pulls water upward in the xylem from the roots through the stem and into the leaves.
20. In the diagram of the plant below:
A. "A" is the stem.
B. "B" is the terminal bud.
C. "C" is a node.
D. "D" is an adventitious root.
21. The land plants faced many problems making the transition from the water environment to the land environment. The bryophytes solved the problem of support by
A. remaining small.
B. developing specialized cells such as fibers.
C. living in wet environments.
D. having horizontal-growing underground stems called rhizomes.
22. Your favorite houseplant has gradually become dark green in overall color and the veins of the leaves have turned purple. What is wrong with the plant?
A. The plant has a genetic mutation which prevents it from synthesizing auxin.
B. The stomata are closed rather than opened during the day, and the plant is not receiving enough oxygen.
C. The plant has not received enough nitrogen from the atmosphere.
D. The plant has a mineral deficiency.
23. The endodermis
A. is the outer layer of all plant organs and is the boundary between the plant and its environment.
B. of a stem is covered with a cuticle.
C. is a mineral filter.
D. is the lower surface of a leaf blade.
24. In a spring season during which very cold temperatures and rains have continued until mid-April, the almond trees did not flower and produce new leaves in late February as they normally do. Why is this the case?
A. The photoperiod was incorrect in February.
B. Rain prevented flowering.
C. The trees did not receive several different cues from the environment that spring had arrived and remained dormant.
D. Not enough of the phytochrome which absorbs red light (Pr) was present at sunrise for flowering to occur.
25. A plant has been poisoned, and it can no longer expend energy (use ATP to power reactions and processes). Can the plant still conduct food?
A. No, because no phloem loading can occur.
B. No, because no osmosis can occur.
C. Yes, because transpiration requires no energy expenditure.
D. Yes, because phloem cells conduct food when they are dead.
26. The cuticle
A. covers the endodermis of stems.
B. covers the epidermis of roots.
C. is a protective layer that covers root hairs.
D. makes it necessary for leaves to have pores called stomata.
DEFINE OR OTHERWISE BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING TERMS BY WRITING TWO
CORRECT BIOLOGICAL STATEMENTS IN YOUR MINI-BLUE BOOK ABOUT EACH TERM WHICH DEMONSTRATES YOU UNDERSTANDING OF THE TERM. (3 pts. each--6 pts.) Write complete sentences.
1. ethylene
2. root apical meristem
SHORT ANSWER: FOR EACH OF THE 3 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS BELOW, USE YOUR NEWLY ACQUIRED BOTANICAL KNOWLEDGE TO EITHER EXPLAIN THE BOTANICAL REASONS FOR THE SITUATION OR WHY YOUR SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM WILL WORK. WRITE YOUR ANSWERS IN YOUR MINI-BLUE BOOK. (3 pts. each--9 pts.) Write a short paragraph (2-4 sentences) using complete sentences for each question. If you use a diagram, label it and describe the diagram using complete sentences.
1. You planted lettuce in your garden and harvest the lettuce plants as they grow large enough, but you missed one plant since it was partly covered by a shrub. That plant continues to grow unnoticed until June. Eventually a stalk with lettuce flowers grows out above the shrub, and you notice the lettuce plant. Why have you never noticed lettuce flowers before? What has happened at the molecular level to cause the lettuce to flower?
2. Your neighbor has learned that you are taking a biology course that includes information on plants. He asks you to take a look at a new plant that he has just purchased. He tells you that he concerned about it having a disease since the bottom surface of most of the leaves has brown or light green "spots". When you see that plant, you discover that it is a fern. What should the neighbor do about the plant? What causes the "spots"?
3. You are considering purchasing a ten year old home that has many shrubs planted around it. When you looked closely at the shrubs, you discovered that they have healthy green leaves but that they are all tall and sparsely branched. They, in fact, look rather strange. (See the diagram of one of the shrubs below.) You can’t afford to both purchase the home and remove the shrubs and purchase new ones. Is there anything that you could do to improve the appearance of the shrubs? Should the strange-looking shrubs prevent you from purchasing the house?
LABEL THE DIAGRAM: NUMBER FROM 1-7 IN YOUR MINI-BLUE BOOK. IDENTIFY EACH
NUMBERED STRUCTURE OR PROCESS ON THE NEXT PAGE (1 pt. each--7 pts.)
Words or phrases are OK.