Brain, Physiology and Behavior

Behavioral Neuroscience:

Neurons:

• many different types of neurons (designed for different tasks) and in different locations

• Sensory neurons:

 

 

 

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• Motor neurons:

 

 

 

 

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease) -

 

 

 

 

• Glial cells:

   

   

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Basic Structure of Neurons:

• cell body:

 

 

 

 

• dendrites:

 

 

 

 

 

• axons:

   

   

  • myelin sheath:

   

   

  • Schwann cells:

   

   

  • Nodes of Ranvier:

   

   

  • axon terminals:

   

 

 

• synapse:

 

 

Basic Functioning of Neurons: how does a neuron convey information?

 

• the process of a neuron carrying information is electrical-chemical

 

 

• Resting Potential:

 

 

 

 

• at rest there is no movement of ions across the membrane (in or out) of the cell

 

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• Action Potential:

 

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• 1st:

 

 

 

 

• 2nd:

 

 

 

 

• 3rd:

 

 

 

 

• 4th:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Nerve impulse:

 

 

• All-or-None Principle:

 

 

 

 

• Speed at which the action potential travels varies depending on the neuron

 

 

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• multiple sclerosis:

 

 

 

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