Auditory Perception -- Hearing

 

Auditory Stimulus:

sound wave: a pattern of successive pressure disturbances occurring in a medium like air or water

 

 

e.g. stereo speaker-

 

 

Anatomy of the Ear:

 

 

Outer Ear:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Middle Ear: -- separates outer ear (air medium) and inner ear (liquid medium)

 

1. malleus (hammer)

2. incus (anvil)

3. stapes (stirrup)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Inner Ear:

 

 

 

 

 

Pitch Perception:

 

 

 

Loudness Perception:



 

Sound Localization: -- how do we determine which direction a sound is coming from?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chemical Senses (Taste and Smell)

 

 

Smell (Olfaction)

Stimulus: airborne molecules or vapors

 

Anatomy:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taste (Gustation) -

Stimulus: any substance/chemical that dissolves in saliva.

 

Anatomy:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Taste Thresholds and Tongue Regions: all areas on tongue respond to all flavors (except middle which is like the "blind spot")--but certain flavors are more noticeable on certain areas.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cutaneous Perception

Touch:

 

 

 

 

Density of Nerve Fibers:

 

 

 

 

Two-point thresholds: the smallest distance of two separate points of stimulation on skin that just produces the perception of 2 distinct points.

 

Touch linked with kinesthesis and proprioception.

Kinesthesis:

 

 

 

Proprioception: