Faculty Portrait

Contact Information

Name: Toran D. MacLeod

Title: Associate Professor

Office Location: Folsom Hall 1054

Email: toran.macleod@csus.edu

Office Phone: 916.278.5445

Mailing Address: 6000 J street

Office Hours: by appointment

Courses That I Teach

Fall

  • PT 602: Evidence Informed Practice I
  • PT 663: Integumentary (amputation and limb difference rehabilitation)

Spring

  • PT 622: Evidence Informed Practice II
  • PT 604: Principles of Human Movement

Summer

  • PT 632: Pharmacology
  • PT 634: Diagnostic Imaging

Publications

For my most up to date scholarly work, please visit google scholar.

Peer Reviewed Publications:

  1. Escamilla R, Zheng N, MacLeod TD, Imamura R, Wilk KE, Wang S, Rubenstein I, Yamashiro K, Fleisig GS. (2022) Patellofemoral Joint Loading Performing the Forward and Side Lunge with Step Height Variations. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy. 12(2): 174-182. View in: Pubmed
  2. Logerstedt DS, Ebert JR, MacLeod TD, Heidersheit BC, Gabbett TJ, Eckenrode BJ. (2021) Effects and response of mechanical loading on the knee. Sports Medicine. Oct 20. doi: 10.1007/s40279-021-01579-7. View in: Pubmed
  3. Hui-Ting S, Michaela KM, Horn LD, Gorton, JN; Ferraro AL, MacLeod TD, Szu-Ping L. Patient Experience and Perceived Benefits of Physical Therapy after Lower Limb Amputation. Journal of Allied Health. (in print).
  4. MacLeod TD, Stockert B. (2021). Amputation Rehabilitation And Prosthetics Curricula in Physical Therapist Professional Education Programs. Journal of Allied Health. Spring; 50(1):29-37. View in: Pubmed
  5. Barakatt E, MacLeod T, Cooley N, Nelson L, Scott H, Shanks L, Wippermann E, McKeough M. (2020) Kinetic and kinematic assessment of an individual post-stroke with stiff-knee gait using various orthotic devices: A case study. Journal of Allied Health. Spring; 49(1):67-73. View in: Pubmed
  6. Hsiang-Ling T, Calixto N, MacLeod TD, Nardo L, Link TM, Majumdar S, Souza RB (2016). Associations between Patellofemoral Joint Cartilage T1<rho> and T2 and Knee Flexion Moment and Impulse during Gait in Individuals with and without Patellofemoral Joint Osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 24(9):1554-64 View in: PubMed
  7. Kumar D, Souza RB, Subburaj K, MacLeod TD, Singh J, Calixto NE, Nardo L, Link TM, Li X, Lane NE, Majumdar S, (2015). Are there sex differences in knee cartilage composition and walking mechanics in healthy and osteoarthritis populations? Clinical Orthopaedcis and Related Research. 473(8), 226-234. View in: PubMed
  8. Hsiang-Ling T, MacLeod TD, Kumar D, Link TM, Majumdar S, Souza RB (2015). Higher knee flexion moment during the second half of the stance phase of gait is associated with the progression of osteoarthritis of the patellofemoral joint on magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Orthopaedics & Sports Physical Therapy. 45(9), 656-664. View in: PubMed
  9. Hsiang-Ling T, MacLeod TD, Kumar D, Link TM, Majumdar S, Souza RB (2015). Individuals with Isolated Patellofemoral Joint Osteoarthritis Exhibit Higher Mechanical Loading at the Knee during the Second Half of the Stance Phase. Clinical Biomechanics, 30(4), 383-390. View in: PubMed
  10. Fleisig GS, Leddon C, Laughlin W, Ciccotti M, Mandelbaum B Aune K, Escamilla R, MacLeod TD, Andrews JR (2015). Biomechanical performance of baseball pitchers with history of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(5), 1045-50. View in: PubMed
  11. MacLeod TD, Subburaj K, Wu S, Kumar D, Wyatt S, Souza RB (2015). Magnetic resonance analysis of loaded meniscus kinematics: a novel technique comparing persons with and without radiographic knee osteoarthritis. Skeletal Radiology. 44(1):125-35.DOI: 10.1007/s00256-014-2022-3. View in: PubMed
  12. Kumar D, MacLeod TD, Subburaj K, Singh J, Calixto NE, Li X, Link TM, Majumdar S, Souza RB (2014). Quadriceps intramuscular fat fraction rather than muscle size is associated with knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage, 22(2), 226-234. View in: PubMed
  13. MacLeod TD, Snyder-Mackler L, Buchanan TS (2014). Differences in neuromuscular control and quadriceps morphology between potential copers from non-copers following anterior cruciate ligament injury. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 44(2), 76-84. View in: PubMed
  14. MacLeod TD, Hreljac A, Imamura R (2014). Changes in the preferred transition speed with added mass to the foot. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 30(1), 95-103. View in: PubMed
  15. MacLeod TD, Manal K, Silbernagel KG, Snyder-Mackler L, Buchanan TS (2013).Characteristics of human knee muscle coordination during isometric contractions in a standing posture: the effect of limb task. Journal of Electromyography & Kinesiology, 23(6), 1398-1405. View in: PubMed
  16. MacLeod TD, Snyder-Mackler L, Axe MJ, Buchanan TS (2013). Early regeneration determines long term graft site morphology and function after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with semitendinosus-gracilis autograft. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 8(3), 256. View in: PubMed
  17. Escamilla RF, MacLeod TD, Wilk KE, Paulos L, Andrews JR (2012). Cruciate ligament loading during common knee rehabilitation exercises. Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 226(9), 670-80. View in: PubMed
  18. Escamilla RF, MacLeod TD, Wilk KE, Paulos L, Andrews JR (2012). ACL strain and tensile forces for weight bearing and non-weight bearing exercises: A guide to exercise selection. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 45(3), 208-20. View in: PubMed
  19. Shao Q, MacLeod TD, Manal K, Buchanan TS (2010). Estimation of ligament loading and anterior tibial translation in healthy and ACL-deficient knees during gait and the influence of increasing tibial slope using EMG-driven approach. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1-12. View in: Pubmed
  20. Escamilla RF, Zheng N, MacLeod TD, Imamura R, Edwards W, Hreljac A, Fleisig GS, Wilk KE, Moorman CT (2010). Cruciate ligament forces between a short and long step forward lunge. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 40(2), 1932-42. View in: PubMed
  21. +Di Stasi SL, +MacLeod TD, +Winters JD, Binder-Macleod SA (2010). Effects of statins on skeletal muscle: a perspective for physical therapists. Physical Therapy, 90(10), 1530-42. (+ equal contribution first author) View in: PubMed
  22. Escamilla RF, Zheng N, MacLeod TD, Imamura R, Edwards W, Hreljac A, Fleisig GS, Wilk KE, Moorman CT (2010) Cruciate ligament tensile forces during the forward and side lunge. Clinical Biomechanics. 25(3), 213-21. View in: PubMed
  23. Escamilla RF, Zheng N, MacLeod TD, Edwards W, Imamura R, Hreljac A, Fleisig GS, Wilk KE, Moorman CT, Andrews JR (2009). Patellofemoral joint force and stress during the wall squat and one-leg squat. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 41(4), 879-88. View in: PubMed
  24. Escamilla RF, Zheng N, Imamura R, MacLeod TD, Edwards W, Hreljac A, Fleisig GS, Wilk KE, Moorman CT, Andrews JR (2009). Cruciate ligament force during the wall squat and one-leg squat. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 41 (2), 408-17. View in: PubMed
  25. Escamilla RF, Zheng N, MacLeod TD, Edwards W, Hreljac A, Fleisig GS, Wilk KE, Moorman CT, Andrews JR, Imamura R (2008). Patellofemoral joint force and stress between a short- and long-step forward lunge. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sport Physical Therapy. 38(11), 681-90. View in: PubMed
  26. Escamilla RF, Zheng N, MacLeod TD, Edwards W, Hreljac A, Fleisig GS, Wilk KE, Moorman CT, Imamura R (2008). Patellofemoral compressive force and stress during the forward and side lunges with and without a stride. Clinical Biomechanics 23(8), .1026-37. View in: PubMed
  27. Hreljac A, Imamura RT, Escamilla RF, Edwards WB, MacLeod T (2008). The relationship between joint kinetic factors and the walk–run gait transition speed during human locomotion. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 24(2), 149-57. View in: PubMed
  28. Wong, N, Mark, B, Chen, X, Furch, T (maiden name), Singmaster, KA, Wagenkecht, P (2001). Preparation and use of a room-temperature catalytic converter. Journal of Chemical Education 78(12), 1665-6.
  29. Garizi, N, Macias, A, Furch, T (maiden name), Fan, R, Wagenkecht, P, Singmaster, KA (2001). Cigarette smoke analysis using an inexpensive gas-phase IR cell. Journal of Chemical Education 78(12), 1665-6.

Abstracts

Peer Reviewed Scientific and Professional Presentations:

  1. MacLeod, Darter, Doerger, Wong, Clemens. Amputation and Limb Difference Curricular Guidelines: How to Incorporate Them Into DPT Education and Practice. American Physical Therapy Association, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, San Antonio, TX, February 3-5, 2022.
  2. Escamilla, Zheng, MacLeod, Imamura, Wang, Wilk, Yamashiro, Fleisig. Patellofemoral Joint Loading in Forward Lunge Rehabilitation Exercises. American College of Sports Medicine, virtual, June, 2021.
  3. Stockert, MacLeod. Physical Therapy student attitudes towards interprofessionalism: the effect of a simulated resuscitation experience using an interprofessional team. World Congress of Physical Therapy, Geneva, Switzerland, May 10-13, 2019.
  4. MacLeod, Stockert. Amputee Rehabilitation and Prosthetics Curricula in Physical Therapy Professional Education Programs. American Physical Therapy Association, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Washington, DC, January 23-26, 2019.
  5. Stockert, MacLeod. Assessment of Interprofessional Education and Attitudes Towards Healthcare Teams in Physical Therapy Students Following a Simulated Interprofessional Resuscitation. American Physical Therapy Association, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 21-24, 2018.
  6. MacLeod, Qualls, Ferguson, Gailey. Acute Phase Rehabilitation of the Person with Lower Limb Amputation. American Physical Therapy Association, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, San Antonio, TX, February 17-20, 2017.
  7. Escamilla, Zheng, MacLeod, Wilk, Andrews. Peak Patellofemoral and ACL/PCL Forces While Performing the Forward Lunge Exercise with Varying Techniques. Innovative Techniques Knee Course, Las Vegas, NV, October 22-24, 2016.
  8. Poage, Brotherton, MacLeod, Leddon, Roth. Kinematic and Radiographic Analysis of a Synthetic Ligament Device for Acromioclavicular Reconstruction. Combined Orthopaedic Associations, Cape Town, Africa, April 11-15, 2016. [Poster and Platform]
  9. Escamilla, Yamashiro, Wilk, MacLeod (presenter). What’s New in ACL Rehabilitation? Evidence Based Approach for the Selection and Application of Strength and Neuromuscular Control Exercises. American Physical Therapy Association, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Anaheim, CA, February 17-20, 2016.
  10. Teng, MacLeod, Nardo, Link, Majumdar, Souza. Association between Patellofemoral Joint Stress during Gait and Symptomatic Progression in individuals with Patellofemoral Joint Osteoarthritis. American Physical Therapy Association, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Anaheim, CA, February 17-20, 2016.
  11. MacLeod (presenter), Escamilla, Yamashiro, Asuncion. What is the Role of the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee and Does it Enhance Knee Stability and Function in the Athlete When Reconstructed Along With the ACL. Chinese Orthopaedic Association, Chongqing, China, November 18-22, 2015.
  12. Escamilla, Aguinaldo, Wilk, MacLeod (presenter). Elbow pitching biomechanics and UCL injury risk factors in adult and youth pitchers. American Physical Therapy Association, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, February 4-7, 2015.
  13. MacLeod (presenter), Majumdar, Souza. Mensicus volume in persons with and without radiographic knee osteoarthritis. American Physical Therapy Association, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, February 4-7, 2015.
  14. Fleisig, Leddon, Laughlin, Cicotti, Mandelbaum, Aune, Escamilla, MacLeod(presenter), Andrews. Biomechanical performance of baseball pitchers with history of ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction. American Physical Therapy Association, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, February 4-7, 2015.
  15. Teng, MacLeod, Link, Majumdar, Souza. Individuals with Isolated Patellofemoral Joint Osteoarthritis Exhibit Higher Mechanical Loading at the Knee during the Second Half of the Gait Cycle. Proceedings form the 2015 Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, Indianapolis, IN, February 4-7, 2015.
  16. Teng, MacLeod, Link, Majumdar, Souza. Higher Knee Extensor Moment during the Second Half of the Gait Cycle is Associated with Progression of Patellofemoral Joint Osteoarthritis at One Year. Proceedings form the 2015 Combined Sections Meeting of the American Physical Therapy Association, Indianapolis, IN, February 4-7, 2015.
  17. Kumar (presenter), MacLeod, Subburaj, Singh, Calixto, Li, Link, Majumdar, Souza. Walking knee loads show opposite association with cartilage composition in people with osteoarthritis compared to young healthy subjects. Osteoarthritis Research Society International, Annual meeting, Paris, France, April 24-27, 2014.
  18. MacLeod (presenter), Wu, Feeley, Allen, Souza. Effects of meniscectomy on knee articulate cartilage T1rho and T2. Gordon Research Conference. Andover, NH, August 5-7, 2012.
  19. MacLeod (presenter), Manal, Snyder-Mackler, Buchanan. Attentional demand and limb task may affect quadriceps femoris neuromuscular control in anterior cruciate ligament injured non-copers. International Society of Biomechanics, Brussels, Belgium. July 3 -7, 2011.
  20. MacLeod (presenter), Snyder-Mackler, Manal, Buchanan. Specificity of the muscles about the knee during a static standing task: the unique synergy between the vasti and hamstrings. Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, CBER, Newark, DE. May 7, 2010.
  21. MacLeod (presenter) & Buchanan. Lower extremity coordination during static stance: the unique role of the vasti muscles. American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM, Annual meeting, Baltimore, MD, June 2-5, 2010.
  22. MacLeod, Chimera, Castro, Manal, Buchanan. Surgical recession of the gastrocnemius does not change plantar flexion moments. American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM, Annual meeting, Seattle, WA, May 27, 2009.

Abstracts:

  1. MacLeod, Stockert. Amputee Rehabilitation and Prosthetics Curricula in Physical Therapy Professional Education Programs. Proceedings of the California Physical Therapy Association Annual Conference, Santa Clara, California, USA, 2018.
  2. MacLeod, Lim. Comparison of Subjective and Physical Function Outcomes Using Axillary Crutches and A “Hands-Free Crutch,” In Comparison To No Crutch, For Mobility. American Physical Therapy Association, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 21-24, 2018.
  3. Escamilla, Zheng, MacLeod, Imamura, Wang, Fleisig, Wilk, Andrews. Patellofemoral force and stress performing the forward lunge with a short and long step at ground level and up to an elevated surface. Proceedings of the California Physical Therapy Association Annual Conference, San Diego, California, USA, 2017.
  4. Escamilla, Zheng, MacLeod, Imamura, Wang, Fleisig, Wilk, Andrews. Peak patellofemoral and ACL/PCL forces while performing the forward lunge exercise with varying techniques.  Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 49(5):S, 2017.
  5. Lim, Comparison of subjective and physical function outcomes using axillary crutches and a “hands-free crutch,” in comparison to no crutch, for mobility Proceedings of the California Physical Therapy Association Annual Conference, Santa Clara, California, USA, 2016
  6. Mikesell, The relationship between ankle muscle strength and gait transition speed Proceedings of the California Physical Therapy Association Annual Conference, Santa Clara, California, USA, 2016
  7. Mattern-Baxter, Yanez, Myers, MacLeod, McKeough. The effect of posterior walker training on walking function after chronic spinal cord injury: a case study. American Physical Therapy Association, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, Anaheim, CA, February 17-20, 2016.
  8. Barakatt, MacLeod, McKeough, Wippermann, Shanks, Nelson, Cooley, Scott, Carlson. Assessment Of A Knee Orthotic And Extensive Rehabilitation On Knee Kinetics And Kinematics During Gait In An Individual With Stiff-Knee Gait Post-Stroke Proceedings of the California Physical Therapy Association Annual Conference, Pasadena, California, USA, 2015
  9. Barakatt E, MacLeod TD, McKeough DM, Wippermann E, Shanks L, Nelson L, Cooley N, Scott HL, Carlson MF. Assessment Of A Knee Orthotic And Extensive Rehabilitation On Knee Kinetics And Kinematics During Gait In An Individual With Stiff-Knee Gait Post-Stroke. A Case Study Proceedings of the California Physical Therapy Association Annual Conference, Pasadena, California, USA, 2015
  10. Yanez S, Myers R, MacLeod T, Mckeough DM, Mattern-Baxter K. The effect of posterior walker training on walking function after chronic spinal cord injury: a case study. Proceedings of the California Physical Therapy Association Annual Conference, Pasadena, California, USA, 2015
  11. Teng, MacLeod, Majumdar, Souza. Diminished Quadriceps Strength is Associated with Increased Knee Adduction Moment during Walking at One-year Follow-up. Proceedings of the California Physical Therapy Association Annual Conference, Oakland, California, USA, 2014
  12. Romero, Keller, Kumar, Hoppe, Liu, MacLeod, Souza. Six minute walk test in patients with radiographic knee osteoarthritis: a cohort cross-sectional study. California Physical Therapy Association, CPTA Annual Conference, Pasadena, CA, September 20-21, 2013.
  13. Abramson E, Hoppe M, MacLeod, Nardo L, Rivoire J, Souza R, Link TM, Ma BC, Li X. MR T1rho and T2 of meniscus after acute anterior cruciate ligament injuries. American College of Rheumatology Annual meeting, San Diego, CA, October 25-30, 2013
  14. MacLeod, Kumar, Subburaj, Wu, Li, Link, Majumdar, Souza. Magnetic resonance analysis of loaded meniscus kinematics and tibiofemoral contact area. American Physical Therapy Association, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, San Diego, CA, January 22-24, 2013.
  15. Lanier, MacLeod, Manal, Buchanan. Are internal-external rotational moments in ACL deficient subjects different than those in healthy subjects? American Society of Biomechanics, ASB, Gainesville, FL, August 15-18, 2012.
  16. MacLeod, Snyder-Mackler, Axe, Buchanan. Neuromuscular control not quadriceps size differentiates potential copers from non-copers after ACL injury. Orthopedic Research Society, ORS, San Francisco, February 4-7, 2012.
  17. MacLeod, Snyder-Mackler, Axe, Buchanan. Muscle and tendon morphology after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: the effect of graft harvest. Orthopedic Research Society, ORS, Long Beach, CA, January 13-16, 2011.
  18. MacLeod, Manal, Snyder-Mackler, Buchanan. Altered neuromuscular control after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. American Physical Therapy Association, APTA Combined Sections Meeting, New Orleans, LA, February 9-12, 2011.
  19. Macleod, Manal, Snyder-Mackler, Buchanan. Altered neuromuscular control after anterior cruciate ligament injury. American Society of Biomechanics, ASB, Long Beach, CA, August 10-13, 2011.
  20. Shao, MacLeod, Manal, Buchanan. Comparison of ligament loading and anterior tibial translation in healthy and ACL-deficient knees during gait. Orthopedic Research Society, ORS, New Orleans, LA, March 6-9, 2010.
  21. MacLeod, Snyder-Mackler, Axe, Buchanan. Long-term follow-up of muscle and tendon morphology after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with autologous semitendinosus-gracilis graft. Orthopedic Research Society, ORS, New Orleans, LA, March 6-9, 2010.
  22. Shao, MacLeod, Manal, Buchanan Estimation of anterior tibial translation and ligament loading in healthy and ACL-deficient knees during walking. American Society of Biomechanics, ASB, August 8-21, Providence, RI. August 8-21, 2010.
  23. MacLeod, Manal, Snyder-Mackler, Buchanan. Lower extremity coordinated mobilization and stabilization during static stance: the unique role of the vasti muscles. American Society of Biomechanics, ASB, Providence, RI. August 8-21, 2010.
  24. MacLeod, Manal, Snyder-Mackler, Buchanan. Lower extremity neuromuscular coordination during a static stance: mobilization vs stabilization. Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, November 13-17, 2010.
  25. MacLeod, Manal, Snyder-Mackler, Buchanan. Effects of task on lower extremity neuromuscular coordination during static stance. Delaware Society for Neuroscience, Newark, December 10, 2010 *Award for best graduate student poster.
  26. Escamilla RF, Zheng N, MacLeod, Imamura R, Edwards WB, Hreljac A, Fleisig GS, Wilk KE, Moorman CT, Andrews JR. Cruciate ligament tensile forces during lunging with varying techniques. American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM, Annual meeting, Seattle, WA, May 27, 2009.
  27. MacLeod, Chimera, Manal, Buchanan Volitional MVC EMG normalization tasks between days. American Society of Biomechanics, ASB, State College, PA, August 20-29, 2009
  28. Escamilla, Zheng, MacLeod, Imamura, Edwards, Hreljac, Fleisig, Wilk, Moorman Patellofemoral Compressive Force and Stress During the Forward and Side Lunge With and Without a Stride. American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM, Annual meeting, Long Beach, CA, March 24-27, 2008.
  29. Escamilla, Hreljac, Imamura, MacLeod, Zheng. Cruciate ligament force during the wall squat and one-leg squat. American Society of Biomechanics, ASB, Stanford, CA, August 22-25, 2007.
  30. Escamilla, Hreljac, Imamura, MacLeod, Zheng. Cruciate ligament force between the forward lunge long and short with and without a stride. American Society of Biomechanics, ASB, Stanford, CA, August 22-25, 2007.
  31. Escamilla, Bonacci, Burnham, Busch, D’Anna, Edwards, Eliopoulos, MacLeod, Mowbray, Imamura, Hreljac, Andrews. A biomechanical analysis of squatting and lunging type exercises. American College of Sports Medicine, ACSM, Annual meeting, Indianapolis, IN, May 28-31, 2008.
  32. Escamilla, Zheng, Hreljac, Imamura, MacLeod, Edwards, Fleisig, Wilk. Patellofemoral forces and stresses during squat exercises. American Society of Biomechanics, ASB, Blacksburg, VA, September 6-9, 2006.
  33. Escamilla, Zheng, Hreljac, Imamura, MacLeod, Edwards, Fleisig, Wilk. Patellofemoral forces and stresses during lunge exercises. American Society of Biomechanics, ASB, Blacksburg, VA, September 6-9, 2006.
  34. Hreljac, Imamura, Escamilla, MacLeod, Kawada, Krogh, Stafford. Ankle and knee joint kinetics in runners with and without lower extremity overuse injuries. American Society of Biomechanics, ASB, Blacksburg, VA, September 6-9, 2006.
  35. Escamilla, Bonacci, Burnham, Busch, D’Anna, Edwards, Eliopoulos, MacLeod, Hreljac, Imamura, Mowbray. An electromyographic analysis of common lower extremity rehabilitation exercises. California Physical Therapy Association, CPTA, Annual Conference, Sacramento, CA, October 22, 2005.
  36. Edwards, Vavao, Jensen, Furch(maiden name), Belton, Dezfouli, Hreljac. Asymmetries during weighted loads: a comparison between 1-strap and 2-strap conditions. American Society of Biomechanics, ASB, Portland, OR, September 8-11, 2004
  37. MacLeod, Imamura, Hrejac. Internal kinetic factors and the preferred transition speed in humans. American Society of Biomechanics, ASB, Portland, OR, September 8-11, 2004.

Research Projects/Interests

  1. NIH R01-AR046386 ACL Injured Knee: MRI and Biomechanical Modeling

This work was conducted while I was at University of Delaware, and was focused on neuromuscular and morphological consequences of anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction. There are four manuscripts in stages ranging from preparation to second review. These manuscripts are being submitting to the journals Clinical Biomechanics, Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, and Journal of Applied Biomechanics. These are all expected to be published within the next year.

  1. NIH F32-AR064129 Knee Osteoarthritis: Meniscus Kinematics and Articular Cartilage Degeneration

This work was conducted while I was at University of California, San Francisco and was focused on meniscus movement within the knee in those with and without knee osteoarthritis to help understand the role the meniscus plays in articular cartilage degeneration. Currently there is one manuscript from this work in second revision, at Skeletal Radiology, and subsequent work will examine longitudinal experimental designs in the coming years (these data are still being collected). Data collection is expected to be completed within the next two years, and publications are expected to be completed within the next three years.

  1. NIH R01-AR062370  Contact Mechanics, Neuromuscular Control, and Cartilage Composition in Knee OA

This work was conducted while I was at University of California, San Francisco and was focused on the biomechanical biomarkers and consequences of knee osteoarthritis. There are currently 7 manuscripts in various stages of preparation to second revision form this work, but data are still being collected on this grant as well. The 7 manuscripts discussed are planned to be completed in the next year. Data collection is expected to be completed within the next two years, and publications are expected to be completed within the next three years.

Books/Chapters

  1. McKinnis, L. N. (2021). Fundamentals of musculoskeletal imaging. Chapter 7 Radiologic evaluation of the cervical spine. pp 159-210. Auyeung S., MacLeod T.D., Lazaro R. 5th edition
  2. McKinnis, L. N. (2021). Fundamentals of musculoskeletal imaging. Chapter 9 Radiologic evaluation of the thoracic spine, sternum, and ribs pp 233-278 MacLeod T.D., Auyeung S., Lazaro R. 5th edition
  3. Fetters, L., & Tilson, J. (2012). Evidence based physical therapy. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. Reviewer

Professional Associations

  • American Physical Therapy Association
  • Orthopedic Section of the APTA
  • Research Section of the APTA   
  • California Physical Therapy Association
  • American Society of Biomechanics
  • Sigma Xi
  • American College of Sports Medicine
  • Orthopaedic Research Society

Honors and Awards:

  • CSUS Retirees Association Junior Faculty Research Award, 2016
  • California Physical Therapy Association Faculty Research Publication Award, 2015
  • Award for first prize for graduate research, Delaware Society for Neuroscience, 2010
  • Sutter Health Scholarship Recipient, 2007
  • Americorp Participant, 2004-2005
  • Suzanne A. Snively Graduate Teaching Scholarship Recipient, 2003
  • Undergraduate Fellowship in Nuclear and Radiochemistry Recipient, 2000
  • Dean’s Scholar Award Recipient, San Jose State University, 1998