Susan Algert
FACS 113

Study Guide for Fat Soluble Vitamins

1. Why is the risk of toxicity greater for fat soluble vitamns than for water soluble vitamins?
2. Why do carotenoids pose much less threat for vitamn A toxicity than preformed vitamin A?
3.On what basis do you decide which fruits and vegetables displayed in the produce section of your supermarket are high in carotenoids?
4. What is the primary function of calcitrol? Discuss the specific mechanisms involved in this function
5. Describe how vitamin E functions as an antioxidant.
6. What are vitamin E's other functions in the body?
7. What is vitamin K's primary function in the body? Why would it be critical for a surgeon to know the vitamin K status of a patient before operating?
8. List RDA , TUL and AI for all of the fat soluble vitamins
9. What is a phytochemical and how do they relate to the fat soluble vitaminns?

Multiple choice:

1. Nutrients likely to cause toxicity if consumed in very high amounts over long periods of time are:
a. iron, calcium and vitamin C
b. calcium, vitamin D and vitamin C
c. vitamin A and vitamin D
d. all of the above

2. A pharmacological dose (megadose) of a vitamin is defined as an intake of more than
a. two times the RDA
b. five times the RDA
c. ten times the RDA
d. one hundred times the RDA

3. Beta carotenes
a. can be converted to vitamin A in the body
b. cannot be converted to vitamin A in the body
c. are retinoids
d. are none of the above

4. The leading cause of blindness in the world today is a dietary deficiency of
a. vitamin A
b. vitamin D
c. vitamin E
d. none of the above

5. The first symptom of vitamin A deficiency is the
a.. inability to distinguish color in bright light
b.failure to form mucus in the eye
c. inability to adapt quickly to changes in light intensity
d. production of excess amounts of keratin, the hard protein found in hair and fingernails

6. Which of the following foods would provide the highest nutrient density of either preformed or provitmain A
a. spinach
b. grapefruit
c. banana
d. sweet corn

7. There is a concern of teratogenesis with which of the following vitamins?
a. vitamin E
b. vitamin A
c. vitamin K
d. none of the above

8. Vitamin D is called the sunshine vitamin because
a. it is available in orange juice
b. exposure to sunlight convert a precursor to vitamin D
c. it can be destroyed by exposure to sunlight
d. all of the above

9. The main active form of vitamin D in the body is
a. caclitrol
b. hydroxyapetite
c. dihydroxyretinol
d. calcitonin

10. Bowed legs, an enlarged and misshapen head, and enlarged knee joints in children are symptoms of
a. rickets
b. xeropthalimia
c. osteomalacia
d. vitamin D toxicity

11. The vitamin called "E" is actually a family of compounds called
a. tocopherols
b. tocotrienols
c. tocols
d. a and b

12. A high intake of vitamin E can
a. inhibit vitamin K metabolism
b. lead to lead poisoning
c. inhibit copper absorption
d. cause blindness

13. The vitamin synthesized by bacteria in the intestine is
a. E
b. D
c. A
d. K

14. The most nutrient dense food source of vitamin K is
a. green leafy vegetables
b. enriched or whole grain breads and cereals
c. skim milk
d. high fat fish