Texas v. Johnson  (1989)
z Johnson convicted of “desecration of a
venerated object”
z 5-4 decision, Scalia, Kennedy, Marshall,
Brennan, and Blackmun in majority
z The Court can’t prefer a particular use for the
flag--content neutrality
z Dissent rejects neutrality, there are bad
messages, and alternate modes of expression,
the flag is special and must be protected
z Kennedy concurrence, agony…then resolution!
z Oh yes, US v. Eichman (1990) slap Congress