Ch 7 Taxonomy

I. Operations Strategy

II. Job Design

Job Design (298): the act of specifying the contents and methods of jobs. Focus on what, who, how, and where the job is done.
 Ergonomics (298):  incorporation of human factors in the design of the workplace.

a. Specialization

Specialization (299):  work that concentrates on some aspect of a product or services.

b. Behavioral Approaches to Job Design

Job Enlargement (299): giving a worker a larger portion of the total task, by horizontal loading.

Horizontal Loading (299): t he additional work is on the same level of skill and responsibility as the original job.

Job Rotation (299):  Workers periodically exchange jobs.

Job Enrichment (300):  Increasing responsibility for planning and coordination tasks, by vertical loading.

c. Motivation

d. Teams

Self-Directed teams (301):  Groups empowered to make certain changes in their work processes.

e. Methods Analysis

Method Analysis (305): Analyzing how a job is done.

Flow Process Chart (306):  chart used to examine the overall sequence of an operation by focusing on movements of the operator or flow of materials.

Worker-Machine Chart (307):  chart used to determine portions of a work cycle during which an operator and equipment are busy or idle.

f. Motion Study

Motion Study (308):  systematic study of the human motions used to perform and operation.

Motion Study Principles:  guidelines for designing motion-efficient work procedures.

Therbligs (310):  basic elemental motions that make up a job.

Micromotion study (310):  use of motion pictures and slow motion to study motions that otherwise would be too rapid to analyze.

g. Working Conditions

III. Work Measurement

Work Measurement (315): determining how long it should take to do a job.

Standard Time (315): the amount of time it should take a qualified workers to complete a specified task, workings at a sustainable rate, using given methods tools and equipment, raw materials, and workplace arrangement.

a. Stopwatch Time Study

Stopwatch time study (315):  development of a time standard based on observations of one worker taken over a number of cycles.

b. Standard Elemental Times

Standard Elemental Times (320):  time standards derived from a firm's historical time data.

c. Predetermined Time Standards

Predetermined Time Standards (321):  Published data based on extensive research to determine standard elemental times.

d. Work Sampling

Work Sampling (321):  technique for estimating the proportion of time that a worker or machine spends on various activities and the idle time.

Random number table (324): table consisting of unordered sequences of numbers, used to determine random observation schedules.

IV. Compensation

Time-based system (326): compensation based on time an employee has worked during a pay period.

Output-based (incentive) system (326):  compensation based on amount of output an employee produced during a pay period.

a. Individual Incentive Plans

b. Group Incentive Plans

c. Knowledge-Based Pay Systems

Knowledge-based pay (328):  a pay system used by organizations to reward workers who undergo training that increases their skills.

d. Management Compensation