Types of Research Designs

I. Categories of Research

A. Basic vs applied research

1. Basic Research:

 

 

 

e.g.

 

 

 

problems:

 

 

 

 

benefits:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. Applied Research:

 

 

 

e.g.

 

 

 

problems:

benefits:

 

 

 

 

 

 

B. Laboratory vs Field Research

 

1. Laboratory:

 

 

 

Advantage:

 

 

 

Criticism:

 

 

 

 

Counterargument:

mundane realism:

 

 

 

experimental realism:

 

 

 

 

 

2. Field:

 

 

 

Advantage:

 

 

 

 

 

3. Integrating Laboratory and Field Research:

 

 

 

 

 

II. Broad Types of Research Designs:

A. Descriptive

 

 

 

 

 

 

example: (psycholinguistics)

When a 2-year-old child listens to a message spoken by his or her mother and is asked to repeat it, the child typically repeats only part of the message. (Brown, 1965).

 

 

B. Relational

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

example: (psycholinguistics)

On the average, frequently used words tend to be shorter than infrequently used words. (Miller & Newman, 1958)

 

 

C. Experimental

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

example: (psycholinguistics)

When interfering background noise is present, a speaker tends to use more words and fewer abbreviations than when there is no interfering background noise. (Heise & Miller, 1951).

 

Orienting Attitudes of the Scientist

1. Enthusiasm:

2. Open-mindedness:

3. Good Sense:

4. Role-taking ability:

5. Principled inventiveness:

6. Confidence in one's own judgment:

7. Ability to communicate:

8. Ability to tolerate rejection and persevere:

9. Consistency and care about details:

10. Integrity and honest scholarship: