Long Term Memory

Atkinson & Shiffrin Model of Memory cont. (1968)

Long-term memory:

• Free Recall -

• Serial Position Effect -

• Primacy effect -

 

 

 

 

 

 

• Recency effect -

Characteristics of LTM:

• Capacity -

• Retention Duration -

Ebbinghaus - 1^st systematic research on memory (1885)

• nonsense syllables (BEF, RIL, etc)

• study until 100% accuracy in recall

• Free recall at different time intervals

 

exp: Bahrick (1983) -

 

 

 

 

 

• Coding -

exp: Baddeley (1966)

list A: words that sounded similar

list B: words with similar meanings

list C: words that did not sound similar or have similar meanings (control group)

Task:

 

 

 

 

Results:

 

 

 

 

Conclusion:

 

 

 

 

• Forgetting & Interference -

Task: Paired Associates Learning -

• Proactive Interference (PI) -

• Retroactive Interference -

• What is cause of interference?

• Anderson & Neely (1996)

Neurological Basis of Memory -

• Lashley (1929) -

1)

 

 

2)

 

 

3)

Results:

 

 

 

Experiment 2:

Results of Experiment 2:

 

Conclusion:

 

• mass action - the brain works en masse.

• equipotentiality -

Humans:

• Hippocampus -

2 types of amnesia occurred:

 

1. anterograde amnesia:

Several features:

• effects transfer of info to LTM, but working memory is intact

• effects memory regardless of modality

• it does not effect skilled performance

2.retrograde amnesia:

Several features:

• amount of time lost varies widely

• for head injuries, memories can be somewhat recovered

• "overlearned" information is typically intact

• Frontal Lobe - important for working memory